The development and implementation of a nanoantenna array for terahertz detection hold immense potential in advancing scientific research and innovation, proven by its ability to enhance terahertz signal reception, overcome limitations of conventional detection methods, and unlock new possibilities for numerous industries. However, concerns related to scalability, cost-effectiveness, and potential health hazards highlight the need for extensive research and regulation to ensure the safe and responsible deployment of this technology. In view of its remarkable highlights, the terahertz (THz) space of the electromagnetic range is wealthy in developing prospects in various applications, for example, remote correspondences, imaging, non-disastrous testing, security filtering, and process control. Terahertz waves are unmistakable for their non-ionizing radiation, further developed objective than microwaves, unprecedented reach ingestion, and ability to go through dielectric materials. This paper gives a brief overview of recent advances in THz antenna design for various applications and investigated possible challenges of these THz systems. We have also focus on terahertz sources and detectors as well as their applications and scope in different fields, different terahertz detection techniques, limitations of conventional terahertz detectors, design consideration parameters in the designing of nanoantenna, materials used for nanoantenna array designing, different fabrication techniques, parameters for evaluating performance and potential characteristics for nanoantenna array in tetrahertz detection.

Existing methods for calculating temperature stresses in composite rods have certain disadvantages. The importance of such calculations is related to the safety and efficiency of similar engineering structures in various industries such as 

construction, mechanical engineering and aviation. The paper presents a study of the behavior of composite rods under thermal loading, taking into account bending deformation and the conditions leading to maximum normal stresses. Composite rods consisting of two different metals welded together have been analyzed. A methodology for calculating normal stresses has been developed that takes into account the physical and mechanical characteristics of the materials of the component parts, such as the modulus of elasticity and coefficient of linear thermal expansion. The intrinsic neutral layers of each metal rod have been identified, which makes it possible to more accurately determine the stress distribution in the composite rods. An example of the analytical calculation of normal stresses occurring in a rod composed of steel and aluminum parts is provided. Diagrams of normal stresses along the height of the composite rods were constructed. Additionally, a FEM analysis of the composite rod under temperature influence was carried out while using Ansys 2023 R2 software. The results of the nume-rical study confirmed with high accuracy the data obtained theoretically. The outcomes of this study are crucial for practical applications in the design and construction of such composite structures, providing engineers with more accurate data for analyzing the influence of thermal stresses.

A technology for three-support abrasive processing of flat-convex conical lenses using a tool with a stabilized flatness of the working surface is proposed, and a device diagram for implementing this technology is considered. The device contains a disk tool with a flat working surface, a straightener in the form of a glass plate with holes for parts, a drive for the rotational movement of the latter and a drive shaft for their reciprocating rotational movement. When using the device, the attachment of flat-convex conical lenses for their subsequent group processing occurs through optical contact based on mo-lecular adhesion forces. This blocking method increases the accuracy of processed parts and eliminates the use of adhesive resin, which, when heated, pollutes the environment with carcinogenic substances of the phenolic group. In addition, special compensators have been introduced into the design of the device to minimize the influence of vibrations in the “machine – fixture – tool – part” system, which helps to improve the accuracy parameters of plano-convex conical lenses. The paper presents results of a study of the influence of the nature of processing of the lateral surface of flat-convex conical lenses on the accuracy and productivity of the shaping process. The following cases are considered: with different orientations of the top of flat-convex conical lenses relative to the axis of symmetry of the tool, without forced and with forced rotation, with and without going beyond the edge of the tool during reciprocating rotational movement of workpieces along the working surface of the latter. It has been established that the accuracy of shaping and its productivity in the case of processing without parts lea-ving the edge of the tool are on average 30 % higher compared to the opposite situation, and processing with forced relative rotation of a block of parts increases their accuracy on average by one and a half times compared with  absence of such, while the internal orientation of flat-convex conical lenses (the top of the cone is directed towards the axis of rotation of the tool) helps to increase the intensity of stock removal by more than two times compared to their external orientation.

The high labor intensity of constructing  insulated brick walls has led to a significant reduction in brick consumption in the Republic of Belarus. Considering that in each region there is at least one brick factory equipped with modern technological equipment, and the reserves of mineral raw materials (sand, clay) for making bricks are practically inexhaustible, the development of an effective structural and technological solution for insulated brickwork is an urgent task. As practice shows, today the majority of brick buildings being erected are low–rise (3-5 floors) – these are secondary schools, kindergartens, clinics, buildings for household purposes (laundries, dry cleaners, etc.), as well as administrative buildings. The floor layout of the premises of these buildings is, as a rule, cabinet (the number of window openings is significant). In this regard, it is proposed to use factory-made insulated brick panels (piers) to reduce the labor intensity of constructing the facades of such buildings. A distinctive feature of the proposed solution for insulated brickwork from those commonly used is that, to increase operational efficiency, it is made of two separate structural elements: load-bearing and heat-insulating and decorative. The paper describes in detail the organization and technology of work on the production of the main structural elements of brick insulated facade panels (piers) in factory conditions. The proposed design solution for the facade of brick buildings with a cabinet layout allows the manual technological process of constructing such buildings to be converted into a mechanized one – installation of factory-made insulated brick panels (piers), which will significantly reduce the labor intensity of constructing insulated brick walls. The division of buildings under construction into tiers, the height of which is linked to the range of technological operations and the building materials used, makes it possible to exclude from the work the use of lifting equipment (scaffolding), as well as the delivery of pallets with bricks and mortar boxes to the bricklayer's workplace.

The paper presents the results of research of the influence of product range parameters on the indicators of development of the design capacities of precast construction plants. The quantity and concrete consumption of products in terms of  1 m² of total area,  as well as the circulation of products,  have been taken as the analyzed parameters of product range.  It is noted that calculations of production capacity and basic technical and economic indicators of production at the stage of technological design are based on the product range of a typical block section of a house series. At the same time, architectural individuality, flexibility of planning and design solutions of prefabricated houses buildings in industrial design require a variety of modifications of block sections, which is inextricably linked with the growth of the range of manufactured products. Expansion of the range of products for modifications of block sections in the production program of plants is an objective regularity that should be taken into account in the technological design of new or reconstruction of  existing precast constructions plants and planning production programs for housing construction. Significant fluctuations in the parameters of the product range in the production programs of plants have been recorded. A regression analysis of the parameters of the range products of production programs of precast construction plants  has been carried out. The dependence of product range on the share of dotted houses in housing construction programs has been established. The main parameters of houses determining fluctuations in the range of products have been identified, which include the number of storeys and the number of sections in the house configuration. Taking into account the fact of the significant influence of  the product range on the production capacity of plants, the dependence of the indicator of compliance of the concrete capacity of products with 1 m² of total area on the production capacity indicators has been established. The reliability of the obtained mathematical models is confirmed by the results of statistical processing of research results and verification of models in calculations of the current production capacity of plants.

The widespread use of polymers of various types for modifying asphalt concrete mixtures poses the task of determining the most optimal method for their introduction into the composition of asphalt concrete mixtures. The study considers options for dry introduction and pre-modification of bitumen. In this context, changes in the properties of asphalt concrete that reflect the material performance in a wide range of temperature are assessed. Technological aspects during construction of the pavement are also taken into account, depending on the quantitative concentration of the polymer modifier in the binder. The research has clearly demonstrated that the optimal way to achieve  high-temperature properties of asphalt in terms of polymer consumption, is pre-modification of bitumen, which allows optimizing the distribution of the modifier throughout the volume of the asphalt concrete mixture. Additionally, the research has shown that asphalt concretes with a high binder content are preferable for modification because bitumen is the primary component in interaction with polymers, and the thicker the bitumen film, the more optimally this process occurs. In addition, the studies have  revealed the negative influence of relatively high thermoplastic content on the low-temperature and technological properties of asphalt concrete mixtures, which can lead to a decrease in the resistance of asphalt concrete to corrosion damage.

Currently, in economically developed countries, electric vehicles are considered as a solution to the problematic issue of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from road vehicles. The level of energy consumption is a critical factor in determining the overall performance of an electric vehicle. The article analyzes the influence of tire adhesion coefficient on the energy consumption of a battery electric vehicle when operating in typical standard driving cycles. In order to estimate the energy consumption during driving with different tire adhesion coefficients an electric vehicle longitudinal dynamic model is used, which allows taking into account various driving modes (Eco, Comfort, Sport) and sliding of the drive wheels in contact with the road surface. The proposed model, based on submodels of such main components of an electric vehicle as an electric motor and a traction battery, includes tire and vehicle body dynamics submodels, as well as a human-driver submodel with PID controller in the control circuit to track given trajectories. A series of experiments with the VinFast Vf e34 passenger electric vehicle on a dynamometer test bench were carried out to determine the electric motor’s performance characteristics at various operating modes and identify many other input parameters for simulation and verifying the mathematical model accuracy. The simulation results of the distance traveled by an electric vehicle on a single charge are compared withthe manufacturer's experimental data during operating the test vehicle in the standard European driving cycle. Simulation scenarios with different accelerating modes are proposed to analyze the influence of the adhesion coefficient on the EV’s dynamic characteristics and the level of energy consumption. The simulation results on the determination of the energy consumed by an electric vehicle when moving in various driving cycles with road adhesion coefficients are presented in the activity. The given results show the significant impact of the adhesion coefficient on electric vehicle energy consumption in various standard driving cycles, especially on low-grip roads. 

The general trend of accident rate reduction, which has been observed in the Republic of Belarus since 2010, reversed in 2017–2018. Remaining within the framework of the country’s traditional engineering activities related to road maintenance is unlikely to  significantly improve road safety. A transition to qualitatively new practices and mechanisms for ensuring road safety is required. In order to implement this transition, a second Road Safety Concept has been developed. The Concept is based on the Safe System approach, which offers the implementation of measures in four areas: improving road infrastructure safety, increasing vehicle safety, ensuring safe speeds, and training safe road users. The main threat to the implementation of the Safe System approach in the Republic of Belarus is the fixation of stakeholders on their narrow corporate interests and the unwillingness to take into account  nation-wide road safety. The Concept mainly focuses on the “Safe Road Infrastructure” component. A transition to sustainable road safety and the introduction of a Forgiving Road approach are included in the Concept. The introduction of assessment of infrastructure projects impact on traffic safety, traffic safety audit and inspections, road traffic risk assessment, and elimination of accident hotspots are also specified. The introduction of road safety audit is considered an important milestone in the transition to the Forgiving Road approach. The development of Intelligent Transportation Systems is included for the same purpose. Despite the fact that the Concept sets reasonably realistic goals, there are certain concerns about the feasibility of their achievement. This is due to significant institutional problems, such as the lack of a single coordinating body and the complexity of interdepartmental interaction.

In modern conditions, regardless of what type of economic activity an organization faces various risks. For manufacturing enterprises, the area of risks is one of the most extensive, since it is necessary to take into account uncertainties in both financial and production activities. Creation of  an effective risk management system determines ways and opportunities to ensure sustainability of organizations and their ability to withstand adverse situations. Risk reduction is possible through risk management, which involves their identification and assessment, as well as the use of procedures and management me-thods that would  reduce possible risks. For the most effective implementation of risk management, a systematic approach to organizing this process is required. Risk management will be of particular importance for energy companies due to the changes that have been observed in this area over the past few years. The paper proposes a risk management model for energy enterprises, which includes the goal, object, subject, functions, principles and processes of risk management, taking into account the characteristics of energy enterprises. An algorithm for implementing this model is presented, consisting of five main stages. The use of this algorithm will allow us to obtain intermediate results from the implementation of the risk management system and, if necessary, adjust this process. The paper presents an analysis of existing concepts on the use of risk points. Attention is also paid to the issue of using this method at energy enterprises in other countries. The methodology for determining critical control points, which lies in at the heart of HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) system used in the food industry, is discussed in detail. The possibility of using risk points to determine those responsible for risks at energy enterprises is substantiated. An analysis of the operating thermal power plant was carried out in order to identify points of production and technical risk. The result of the analysis was the identification of those responsible for this type of risk.