The paper presents information on the beginning, state and prospects of nanotechnology application in the construction industry inBelarus. These technologies are based on the national carbon nano-materials, obtained at theInstituteofHeatand Mass Transfer of NAS of Belarus.

 

The paper describes a methodology for evaluation of technical and economic efficiency of asphalt concrete mixture components. The method allows to perform a directed search for new materials which are used for mixture preparation and it also provides an efficient use of monetary funds. Firstly, it is possible to obtain this result due to optimum price-quality ratio of asphalt mixture which is determined by its service life in a pavement; secondly, it is possible to obtain this result due to  exclusion of errors while selecting components of the asphalt mixture out of the whole range applied presently in the world practice.

The paper shows that reliability and trust of geodetic structure monitoring are related with new principles of leveling network construction, their testing and mathematical processing. Two indices, point density and errors in their altitude location, have been considered recently as the main characteristics of geodetic construction quality used for geodetic monitoring of  engineering object settlements.

As it is an evitable distortion of the measuring data in the process of its accumulation and processing due to influence of additional factors (rough and systematic measurement errors, original data errors and so on), nowadays while evaluating the quality of geodetic constructions one more important characteristic is to be taken into account that is reliability of the geodetic construction.

The majority of standard geodetic construction schemes do not have a sufficient reliability rate for definitive determination of construction settlements in any measuring cycle. Due to this very reason a problem concerning higher reliability of geodetic constructions and efficiency of their mathematical processing and, in consequence, provision of more accurate determination of engineering object settlements is considered as an actual one and it finds its solution in the paper.

The BNTU has developed a technological process for large-size stamp hardening by means of a water-air mixture.  The  basic  requirements  imposed on an hardening  installation using  a  water-air mixture are the following: provision of smooth cooling of a part in order to achieve the required  hardness and structure; possibility of machining parts of various sizes; change of modes for machining parts of various grades of steel according to any hardness rate.

The peculiar features of the given installation are: a presence of microprocessor control of water-air mixture supply, possibility of simultaneous machining of a stamp set (2 parts) and position change of parts to be hardened in the process of thermal treatment.

Installation for large-sized stamp hardening has been manufactured and introduced at theMinskplant of special tools and machining attachments.

The paper considers ball kinematics in polishing between misaligned disks rotating with equal angular velocity; one of these disks has conic openings. Analytical dependences have been obtained for calculation of an angular velocity and ball sliding speed in the conic opening. It has been revealed that at a constant contact of a ball with elastic coating of a flat disk and absence of vibrations in the technological system an instantaneous axis of ball rotation does not change its position in the moving ball. It has been ascertained that when a ball is in contact with a flat disk having elastic coating with grooves changes in the position of ball rotation instantaneous axis have a regular character and do not depend on vibrations in the technological system.

A new approach on creation of anti-blocking and anti-slippage systems of mobile machines based on observation of actual forces/moment values in «road-wheel-car» contact and their derivatives is considered in the given paper. The paper describes theoretical principles and an operational algorithm of anti-blocking and anti-slippage systems.

The period of high technology development sees large-scale works concerning replacement of conventional materials applied in engineering, in other words metals are replaced by progressive polymer and composite materials, various plastics.

Composite materials have found their new application with every passing day in aircraft industry, shipbuilding, electrical engineering, radio engineering, automobile and tractor industry and in other industries displacing conventional ones.

Glass-reinforced plastic is considered as one of sufficiently available and widely applicable composite materials because products made of this material are characterized by high physical and mechanical strength indices that surpass steel in performance. This material is not subjected to corrosion and it is resistant to chemically hostile media and environment. These factors determine glass-reinforced plastic longevity. Appearance of a final product plays rather significant role in selection of the required material. Glass-reinforced plastic products can have various shapes preserving their rigidity, strength and small weight.

The paper contains a comparative analysis of glass-reinforced plastic properties and it reveals physical and mechanical characteristics of products made of glass-reinforced plastic. The paper also describes peculiar features of glass-reinforced plastic products and their advantages.

The paper reveals necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality and sub-optimality of the programs for a hybrid system in the class of discrete control actions. The conditions are formulated in the support terms of  the initial problem.

 

The paper investigates peculiar features of the stressed and deformed state of the construction elements in the active zone of nuclear reactors being under action of  high temperatures and neutron irradiation with due account of thermal and radiation creeping and with shells of heat releasing elements having a shape of a thick-walled cylinder taken as an example. Basic relations for a numerical solution of the given problem including thermal and radiation creeping have been obtained in the paper. The paper presents an algorithm for the solution of the derived numerical scheme.

The paper describes modelling and algorithmization of parallel production processes. Method for structurization of a great number of interacting competing production processes is applied for their organization pertaining to interaction of production structure components. The obtained developments can be used for a solution of the problem concerning organization and distribution of a great number of interacting competing processes in engineering industry.

The paper shows that for dozens of years some researchers have presented a formula for calculating changes in circulating inter-operational reserve in the working phase of the flow production line in a wrong way as a formula for calculating a maximum change in the circulating inter-operational reserve of the working phase and the paper proposes an algorithm for calculation of circulating reserve in a boundary point of working phases of straight flow line. Having calculated a maximum change of the circulating reserve in the working phases it is possible to obtain an algebraic sum of reserve changes . After that the total algebraic sum of circulating reserve changes in boundary points from the initial phase to the final one. According to a minimum value of the algebraic sum of  the reserve changes in the phases it is possible to find a boundary point of phases where the reserve is equal to zero. A reserve in any boundary point  of  phases  is  calculated  through  finding  an  absolute value of the algebraic sum of reserve changes from boundary point of phases, where the reserve is equal to zero, to the sought one.

Economic evaluation of combined-cycle technologies as main direction of power industry development is considered in the article. Analysis of Belarusian energy system operating mode is carried out. Economical optimization model of condensing plants capacity modernized by combined-cycle technology is suggested. In accordance with author’s approach optimal value of thermal power station modernization by combined-cycle technology is defined on basis of minimum-cost criterion. It is argued that in the medium-term period power station modernization on basis of combined-cycle plant is most effective direction of energy-supply system technological development.

A company must have distinctly described alternatives for taking strategically correct decisions. For this reason the purpose of the paper is to provide comparative characteristics and systematize strategies on entry to foreign market. It is necessary to select the required criteria and carry out multi-criterion analysis in order to arrange systematization and comparative characteristics of  numerous institutional forms being established within the framework of export, cooperation or integration, main strategies on entry to foreign market. The paper contains an analysis and systematization prepared in accordance with the following criteria: strategic purpose of entry to foreign market, time factor in respect of entry to foreign market, distribution of  company’s business-cycle stages among countries, level of investments, form of investments, distribution of investment and management level among countries, risk level, market involvement, legal grounds for foreign activity, status of a subject entering foreign market. The paper makes it possible to give comparative characteristics of the analyzed strategies.

A normative method for price formation established in civil engineering determines a procedure of cost formation in respect of any work. However, main problems are still pending in spite of introduction of new estimate-normative РСН-2007-base. The paper considers problems concerning inclusion of workers’ salary in the cost of works, tendencies of the 2008-legislation alterations, their effect on growth of work cost.

 

The paper considers students’ attitude to self-independent work and their usage of textbooks on the basis of questionnaires.