Algorithms for the numerical solution of dynamic problems of building models with a seismic-isolating belts when the sliding plane is located at different levels have been developed. The algorithms take into account the nonlinear behavior of the structure associated with displacements in the area of the sliding layer, and allow for modeling taking into account various insulation parameters. A computer program implementing the proposed algorithms has been developed. It allows to calculate the dynamic response of buildings under various seismic effects, taking into account the geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the structure. The program implements numerical methods for integrating equations of motion, which ensures the accuracy and stability of calculations. Calculations of seismic-insulated building models with different system parameters, including the height of the sliding plane location, stiffness of the above-ground part and damping characteristics, have been carried out. The results showing the influence of these factors on the behavior of the structure under seismic loads have been obtained. The analysis of the results showed that the location of the sliding plane has a significant effect on the dynamic response of the building. In particular, the lower location of the sliding layer contributes to the reduction of accelerations transmitted to the above-ground part, which leads to a decrease in internal forces and an increase in the overall seismic resistance of the structure. The proposed algorithms and program can be used in the design of buildings with seismic insulation, as well as in the assessment of their reliability under various seismic effects

This article is devoted to the peculiarities of geological and hydrogeological conditions during the development of the Izhevsk Reservoir embankment reconstruction project. The study was carried out on the left bank of the Izhevsk Reservoir (Embankment of architect Dudin), within the boundaries of the embankment from the stairway of the ‘Friendship of Peoples’ monument to the mouth of the Podborenka River and the partially adjacent root slope to Militsionnaya Street with Shirokiy Lane. The filled-in section of the embankment with a width of up to 30 m was previously part of the water area of the reservoir. The area was formed in 2010–2011, mainly by dumping sandy soils up to 5.0 m thick and more, with a sheet pile wall separating the area from the reservoir. The surface of the new embankment is smooth and practically flat, with a slight slope towards the reservoir. The hydrogeological conditions of the area are characterized by the presence of groundwater, identified within the overflow terrace and at the foot of the bedrock slope of the Izh River valley. The water comes to the surface in the form of numerous cesspools and downward-flowing springs at the foot of the slope. Within the study area, four locations of water outlet concentrations are equipped with captage. In the course of the study, a detailed analysis of physical and mechanical properties of soils and corrosivity of groundwater to the basic construction materials was carried out. The result of the study is an assessment of geological and hydrogeological conditions in terms of the structure of occurrence of geological soil layers, physical and mechanical properties of soils, depths and nature of groundwater occurrence, their corrosivity. Measures to preserve and strengthen the slopes, groundwater drainage from the territory of slopes and embankment during reconstruction works are proposed.

An analysis of the energy efficiency characteristics was performed for laser erosion cleaning (LC) processes developed last period for the application in metalworking sector for the wide group of carbon steels, cast iron and non-ferrous metal alloys to remove surface oxidic layers. The consideration of some characteristics of the LC-processes (energy consumption, energy criterion K_en1s et al.) gives the opportunity for the evaluation of the effects of different mechanisms of the surface deoxidizing during the pulsed laser cleaning of MeO_x-layers. Analysis of LC-processes taking into account the efficiency characteristics was based on the massive of parameters of typical (in the field of LC of oxides) regimes of processing of samp-les of carbon steels with surface oxide layers (including using data from our experiments) with use of various pulsed lasers, as well as some samples of aluminum, copper and titanium alloys and cast iron with surface oxides. Our comparison of estimated values of the parameters for a number of recent LC-variants demonstrates that it can be supposed with a sufficient reliability that for the most typical LC-processing cases (preliminary studied in our experiments with cleaning steel samples from mill scale and also described for LC-processes with removal of oxides from some non-ferrous alloys), the first, i.e. the most energy-consuming (thermal ablation with heating to the melting temperature or even higher) of the cleaning mechanisms is more probable. For this processing group the level of the energy criterion values achieved in our experimental series with the LC of FeO_x-scale (K_en1s ≈ 4.4 and corresponding approximate value can, according to our kinetic estimates, be considered close to the threshold level, below which not only the LC thermal ablation will be realized in parallel, but also partially the other two deoxidizing mechanisms (not so high energy consumed ones). At the same time active realization of other, i.e. non-ablative mechanisms is feasible in a rarer group of LC-operating cases (e.g. in the laser removal of TiO_x-film from the titanium alloy, and also, possibly, in the regime of alumina removal from aluminium alloy for which the K_en1s level is probably equivalent to the “transition zone” with substantial contribution of both non-ablative mechanisms and thermal ablation).

The changes in the microstructure and texture of M1 copper samples after plastic deformation by rolling and exposure to low temperature non-equilibrium plasma of a high-frequency capacitive discharge excited at a frequency of f = 5.28 MHz in air at low pressure (p ~ 1 Torr) have been studied in the paper. The metallographic analysis showed that changes in the microstructure of samples are insignificant. The grain size does not change; the visualization of the structure is improved, and the clarity of detection of grain boundaries is increased after metallographic etching. The results of X-ray structural analysis showed that the effect of plasma treatment leads to a change in the relative intensity of the interference lines of the X-ray diffraction pattern. After deformation, the prevailing orientation is á011ñ, which is typical for the texture of copper rolling. After exposure to plasma for 5 minutes, the intensity of lines (200), (220) and (311) increases. A slight increase in the relative intensity of the lines is observed after plasma treatment for 10 minutes. The parameter of the crystal lattice does not change after exposure to plasma. It was found that the change in the intensity of the X-ray lines is not associated with the action of microstresses or a change in the size of coherent scattering blocks. The ratio sinq₍₂₀₀₎/sinq₍₁₁₁₎ = 1.15 indicates that stacking faults are not formed during plasma treatment. X-ray effects under plasma exposure are similar to those observed during tempering of deformed metals, when the main orientations of the deformation texture are either maintained at the level of the deformed metal or are enhanced. Under plasma exposure, the initial process of stress relaxation is realized, associated with the movement of atoms over distances smaller than interatomic distances, when the crystal lattice is improved. The main reason of the changes is third-order stresses, caused by the displacement of atoms from their equilibrium positions.

The high performance of modern methods for manufacturing machine and mechanism components largely depends on the effective removal of corrosion from metallic surfaces. The required surface quality is achieved through jet-based technological processes, particularly in laser cutting operations performed under industrial conditions at mechanical engineering enterprises in the Republic of Belarus. One of the key parameters used to assess the efficiency of laser treatment of metallic surfaces is the laser cutting speed. This study presents an innovative method of jet-based corrosion removal for metallic materials, followed by their utilization in the laser cutting operations. A distinctive feature of the proposed hydro-abrasive technique is the introduction of special components – bentonite clay, calcined soda, and carbon black – into a high-pressure water jet. This formulation not only ensures corrosion elimination but also conditions the surface for subsequent laser cutting. To investigate the influence of various hydro-abrasive processing parameters on laser cutting speed, industrial tests were conducted on three groups of samples made of steel grades St3, St20, and St45. The dimensions of each sample were 200×200 mm with a sheet thickness in the range S = 2–12 mm. Based on the results of experimental studies, an advanced hydro-abrasive cleaning technology was developed for corrosion removal from metallic materials intended for laser cuttingapplications.  The proposed method uses a working fluid containing the following components: bentonite clay (C_b = 1.5–2.5 %), calcined soda (C_c.s. = 1.8–2.2 %), carbon black (C_cb = 11–13 %), and water. The use of this working fluid made it possible to increase the laser cutting speed by 8–12 % compared to the results obtained when using an alternative fluid containing polyacrylamide instead of carbon black – without the need to introduce additional processing operations.

 In this article we proposed, an extensive investigation of environmentally friendly methods for machining titanium alloy (Ti–6AL–4V), a vital component of the aerospace and biomedical sectors, is presented. The novelty of the proposed work is to improve sustainability by applying various technologies, particularly carbide inserts made by Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) and Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD). These components are essential for increasing machining productivity and reducing environmental impact. Moreover, to optimise the entire process, the experimental inquiry entails a methodical analysis of machining parameters, such as cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Apart from these we have also provides the superior machining performance with lower energy use and good surface roughness is the novelty of the work. Moreover, this work emphasizes the importance of feed rate, cutting speed, and depth of cut in obtaining greater energy efficiency during titanium alloy machining. PVD and CVD carbide inserts provide consistent performance across a wide range of tools, increasing their dependability and making them attractive options for energy-efficient and environmentally friendly machining methods. Furthermore, compared to CVD-coated inserts, which achieve an optimal surface roughness of 0.232 µm under cutting parameters of 75 mm/min feed rate, 0.035 mm/rev feed, and a 0.5 mm depth of cut, PVD-coated inserts exhibit an optimal surface roughness of 0.258 µm under similar conditions. The consistent performance of both PVD and CVD carbide inserts across a range of tools enhances their reliability and usefulness in green manufacturing applications. The research takes into account the environmental effects of PVD and CVD carbide inserts, in line with the ideas of green manufacturing.

The object of the study is the process of traffic flows on the urban street and road network of a metropolis. Due to increasing urbanization, its negative consequences are also increasing, including a decrease in the speed of communication, leading to the formation of traffic congestion. The aim of the work is to develop a mathematical apparatus for controlling congested traffic flows on the urban road network using neural networks. The results of the study are aimed at sol- ving the problem of traffic congestion in cities, especially in the largest ones. The methodological basis of the research includes a systematic approach, systems analysis, synthesis, theories of traffic flows, systems, dynamic systems, complex systems and chaos. The objective function of the study is to maximize the kinetic energy of the transport flow.  As an optimization criterion, it is proposed to use a measure of traffic chaos – the entropy of traffic flows. According to the results of the study, a mathematical model was obtained for changing the kinetic energy of the traffic flow under

Building a digital model of a “smart city” in the context of rapid development of technical infrastructure requires effective methods for monitoring and managing engineering systems. One of the key tasks is to optimize the placement of measuring devices in systems such as water and energy supply, including gas, electricity and heat. In conditions of limited financial resources and the need to ensure high monitoring accuracy, it is important to take into account not only the geographical distribution of consumers, but also the intensity of their load. This is especially important for managing distributed technical systems, where it is necessary to minimize equipment costs, while ensuring full network coverage and timely detection of anomalies. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for the optimal placement of measuring devices in engineering systems that takes into account both the spatial location of consumers and their load. The paper uses a multi-level analysis strategy using Ward’s method for hierarchical clustering and the k-means algorithm. Based on the proposed me-thodology, four territorial clusters were identified using the example of the Gomel water supply system, on the basis of which 20 pressure sensors were distributed proportionally to the contribution of consumption. The article shows how multiparameter clustering can be used to determine optimal centers for placing measuring devices that are focused on more powerful consumers, while taking into account the geographic distribution of objects as a whole. The developed approach allows for the efficient distribution of measuring devices taking into account the actual load of objects in the system and their geographic location, which ensures the best coverage of the territory under conditions of a limited amount of equipment. The approach presented in the article can be adapted for various technical systems, ensuring universality and flexibility of application.

In the presented work, vertical displacements of the upper face of an elastic half-strip with a hinged lower face are analytically determined under the action of a vertical concentrated force applied vertically to the upper face. In this case, the method of special approximationis used, previously effectively used in the works of I. Sneddon and, later, V. M. Alexandrov. On the lower face of the half-strip, vertical displacements and tangential stresses are assumed to be equal to zero. The desired expression for the displacements consists of the displacements of the infinite strip under the action of two symmetrically applied vertical forces and a self-balanced normal horizontal load applied to the end of the half-strip and equal to the normal horizontal stresses under the action of two symmetrically applied forces to the infinite strip with the opposite sign. The displacements under a self-balanced load according to the Ritz method are presented as a double series in classical orthogonal functions – Hermite poly-nomials with weight and Legendre polynomials with undetermined coefficients, which are determined under the condition of the minimum of the functional of the total energy of deformations of the half-strip and the work of the end self-balanced horizontal load. The obtained expression for displacements contains elementary functions, has a logarithmic singularity at the point of application of the force and decreases at infinity. Graphs of vertical displacements of the upper face of the half-strip are given for different positions of the external vertical force. The accuracy of the adopted special approximation is also shown graphically. The obtained results can be used to solve various contact problems for an elastic half-strip loaded along the upper face.