STRUCTURAL MODIFICATION OF NEW FORMATIONS IN CEMENT MATRIX USING CARBON NANOTUBE DISPERSIONS AND NANOSILICA

Complex nanodispersed systems with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and nanodispersed silica have a significant impact on the processes of hydration, hardening and strength gain of construction composites predetermining their durability. While using a scanning electron microscope with an attachment for X-ray microanalysis and a device for infrared spectral analysis investigations have shown that the main effect of the cement matrix modification in the case of adding complex nanodispersed systems is provided by direct influence of hydration processes with subsequent crystallization of new formations. It has been noted that while adding carbon nanotube dispersion and nanosized silica a binding matrix is structured in the form of an extremely dense shell from crystalline hydrate new formations on the surface of solid phases that provides strong binding matrix in cement concrete. The addition effect of carbon nanotubes has been analyzed and quantitatively assessed through an investigation for every case of one sample with nanotubes and one sample without them with the help of a nanoindenter and scanning electron microscope. It is necessary to solve rather complicated challenging task in order to assess quantitatively the addition effect of CNT on material characteristics at a micromechanical level. At the same time it is possible to investigate surface of a concrete sample with one-micron resolution. In this case it is necessary to prepare samples for nanoindentation with exclusion of all CNT defectable effects that have been shown by a SEM. So in this case more adequate method for assessment must be a picoindenter , which combines a test method for nanoindentation with an optical SEM potential. Such equipment is in the stage of in-situ testing process at the Vienna University of Technology. The investigation is based on the fact that the main modification effect of mineral binding matrix while using incorporated complex nanodispersed systems and nanosilica is ensured by a direct influence of hydration processes and subsequent crystallization of new formations. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis with detection in IR spectra have revealed that adding of multi-walled carbon nanotubes dispersion together with nanodispersed silica provides structuring of rather dense shell of hydrated new formations along cement matrix on the surface of solid phase. The structured interfacial layers form separate cells in the modified cement matrix that ensures a formation of extremely filled system and predetermines structural strengthening of the modified cement matrix due to formation of spatial packaging. Consequently, the main factor increasing characteristics of cement concrete which is modified with carbon nanotubes and nanosilica is a structural modification of calcium hydrosilicates with relation to composition and morphology of new formations.

1. Radushkevich L. V., Lukyanovich V. M. (1952) On the Structure of Carbon Produced at Thermal Decomposition of Carbon Monoxide on an Iron Contact. Zhurnal fizicheskoi khimii [Journal of Physical Chemistry], 26 (1), 88–95 (in Russian).

2. Iijima S. (1991) Helical Microtubulesof Graphitic Carbon. Nature, 354 (6348), 56-58. Doi: 10.1038/354056a0

3. Babushkina S. N., Kodolov V. I., Kuznetsov F. P., Nikolaeva O. A., Yakovlev G. I. Method of Producing Carbon and Metal Containing Nanostructures. Patent of the Russian no. 2169699 (in Russian).

4. Kodolov V. I., Shabanova I. N., Makarova L. G., Khokhryakov N. V., Kuznetsov A. P., Nikolaeva O. A., Kerene J., Yakovlev G. I. (2001) Structure of the Products Simulated Carbonization of Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Journal of Structural Chemistry, 42 (2), 215–219. Doi: 10.1023/a:1010562914410

5. Yakovlev G., Keriene J., Gailius A., Girniene I. (2006) Cement Based Foam Concrete Reinforced by Carbon Nanotubes. Materials Science, 12 (2), 147–151.

6. Yakovlev G., Pervushin G., Maeva I., Keriene Ja., Pudov I., Shaybadullina A., Buryanov A., Korzhenko A., Senkov S. (2013) Modification of Construction Materials with Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes. Proceedia Engineering, 57, 407–413. Doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2013.04.053

7. Yakovlev G. I., Pervushin G. N., Polyanskikh I. S., Senkov S. A., Pudov I. A., Mohamed A. E. (2014) Concrete of Increased Durability for Producing Transmission Line Poles. Stroitelnye Materialy [Construction Materials], (5), 92–94 (in Russian).

8. Ponomaryov A. N. Nanoconcrete – Conception and Issues (2007). Stroitelnye Materialy [Construction Materials], (7), 2–4 (in Russian).

9. Sobolkina A., Mechtcherine V., Khavrus V., Maier D., Mende M., Ritschel M., Leonhardt A. (2012) Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes and its Influence on the Mechanical Properties of the Cement Matrix. J. Cement & Concrete Composites, 34, 1104–1113. Doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.07.008

10. Korolyov E. V. (2014) Nanotechnology in Construction Material Science. Analysis of the State and Achievements. Ways of Developments. Stroitelnye Materialy [Construction Materials], (11), 47–79 (in Russian).

11. Shama Parveen, Sohe Rana, Rau Fangueiro (2013). A Review on Nanomaterial Dispersion, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube and Nanofiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2013, 1-19. Doi:10.1155/2013/710175

12. Saptarshi Sasmal, B. Bhuvaneshwari, Nagesh R. Iyer (2013). Can Carbon Nanotubes Make Wonders in Civil Structural Engineering? Progress in Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials, 2 (4), 117–129. Doi:10.5963/pnn0204003

13. Šmilauer V., Hlavácek P., Padevet P. (2012) Micromechanical Analysis of Cement Paste with Carbon Nanotubes. Acta Polytechnica, 52 (6), 22–28.

14. Mehmet Gesoglu, Erhan Güneyisi, Diler Sabah Asaad, Guler Fakhraddin Muhyaddin (2016). Properties of Low Binder Ultra-High Performance Cementitious Composites: Comparison of Nanosilica and Microsilica. Construction and Building Materials, 102, 706–713. Doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.11.020

15. Anand Hunashyal1, Nagaraj Banapurmath, Akshay Jain, Sayed Quadri, Ashok Shettar (2014). Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Nano-SiO2 Addition on Mechanical Properties of Hardened Cement Paste. Advances in Materials, 3 (5), 45–51. Doi: 10.11648/j.am.20140305.13

16. Péter Ludvig, José M. Calixto, Luiz O. Ladeira, Ivan C. P. Gaspar (2011). Using Converter Dust to Produce Low Cost Cementitious Composites by in situ Carbon Nanotube and Nanofiber Synthesis. Materials, 4, 575–584. Doi: 10.3390/ma4030575

17. Sakthieswarana N., Sureshb M. (2015). A Study on Strength Properties for Cement Mortar added with Carbon Nanotubes and Zeolite. International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science, 4 (6), 12402–12406.

18. Jyoti Bharj, Sarabjit Singh, Subhash Chander, Rаbinder Singh (2014) Role of Dispersion of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes on Compressive Strength of Cement. International Journal of Mathematical, Computational, Physical, Electrical and Computer Engineering, 8 (2), 340–343.

19. Saraykina K. A., Golubev V. A., Yakovlev G. I., Fedorova G. D., Alexandrov G. N., Plekhanova T. A., Dulesova I. G. (2015) Modification of Basalt Concrete with Nanodispersed Systems. StroitelnyeMaterialy [Construction Materials], (10), 64–69 (in Russian).

20. Karpova E. A., Ali Elsaed Mohamed, Skripkiunas G., Keriene Ja., Kicaite A., Yakovlev G. I., Macijauskas M., Pudov I. A., Aliev E. V., Sen’kov S. A. (2015) Modification of Cement Concrete by use of Complex Additives Based on the Polycarboxylate Ether, Carbon Nanotubes and Microsilica. Stroitelnye Materialy [Construction Materials], (2), 40–48 (in Russian).

21. Lahayne O., Eberhardsteiner J., Yakovlev G., Leonovich S., Pervushin G. (2013) Nano-Tests on Concrete samples with and wiеhout nanotubes. Mekhanika razrusheniya betonov, zhelezobetonov i drugikh stroitel'nykh materialov Sbornik statei po materialam 7-i mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii. Tom. 2 [7th International Scientific Conference “Fracture Mechanics of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Other Building Materials”. Vol. 2], Voronezh, Voronezh State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2013.

22. Eberhardsteiner J., Lahayne O. (2014) Nano-Tests on Concrete Samples with and without Nanotubes. Stroitelnye Materialy [Construction Materials], (1–2), 21–24.

23. With an Account on www.hysitron.com, the Manual of the Nanoindenter Can be Downloaded by Using this link. Available at: https://support.hysitron.com/downloads/User%20Manuals/TI%20900%20TriboIndenter%20User%20Manual.pdf.

24. Homepage of the USTEM (University Service Facilities for transmissions electron microscopes), Vienna University of Technology, Austria. Available at: http://www.ustem. tuwien.ac.at/instrumentation/fei_quanta_200_fegsem/EN/.