Features of Development of Technologies for Obtaining Bimetallic Semi-Finished Products for Instrumental Purposes by High-Speed Hot Extrusion

The most pressing issues in the development of technology include the development of technological processes that allow to obtain products with similar or improved performance characteristics while reducing cost. In this regard, the processes of plastic forming of metals are very promising, in particular the processes of high-speed hot extrusion, which, along with the possibility of obtaining semi-finished products with minimal allowances for mechanical processing, also make it possible to implement in the same technological process the production of a permanent bimetallic connection of dissimilar steels, which opens up new possibilities in the production of tools for various purposes. The aim of this work was to develop laboratory technologies for obtaining various types of bimetallic semi-finished tool products with the possibility of saving alloy steels used in tool making by replacing them (up to 80–90 %) with structural steels. Based on the results of the conducted analytical review, it was determined that when developing physical and mathematical models for high-speed hot extrusion, it is convenient to use the upper estimate method, and one should rely on the Huber-Mises plasticity condition and the mathematical experience of thermodynamics of non-stationary processes. The criteria for obtaining a high-quality bimetallic compound by deformation action during joint plastic flow were also determined. As a result of experimental studies, deformation schemes and experimental die tooling for the implementation of laboratory technologies were developed, the optimal geometry of composite blanks and energy-force parameters were established, ensuring both the formation of semi-finished products for tool purposes and the formation of a bimetallic connection of dissimilar steels in their composition. A qualitative structural-phase analysis was carried out using methods for studying the microstructure and microhardness obtained by high-speed hot extrusion of bimetallic semi-finished products, both in the bimetallic joint zone and in the total volume of samples. The obtained results demonstrated high potential for the implementation of the developed laboratory technologies in industrial production.

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