Methods for Creating Designs of Cardan Gears of Increased Resource for Land Vehicles and Agricultural Machinery

Spatial cardan mechanisms designed to transmit rotational motion between shafts, having angular displacement, differ in a variety of design solutions. Cardan gears are an articulation of one or more universal joints and tubular shafts.  They compensate for axial movements, and also transmit torque at constant or variable angles between the connected units. During operation, the cardan transmission must function satisfactorily during the established service life, i. e., meet all the requirements arising from the peculiarities of its use. Therefore, the problem of improving cardan gears, increasing their reliability and ergonomicity on the basis of new design solutions optimized for dynamic parameters, materials used, manufacturing, assembly and operation technologies is relevant for modern technology. The paper presents a systematic approach to the creation of a new generation of cardan gears based on research in the field of operating conditions, materials science, materials technology, optimal design. It is shown that according to the results of the research, a new series of gimbal gears with improved technical characteristics has been created.

1. Berker A. X., Vagner I. P., Vebster H. V., Dodzh D. X., Zhimanskii L. V., Zeigler S. M., Koinis Dzh., Kuni S. I., Laions D. M., Miller F. F., Neidzhel F. S., Pauers R. V., Troyanovskii T. S., Kholzinger D. V. (1984) Design of Universal Joints and Drive Shafts. Leningrad, Mashinostroenie Publ. 464 (in Russian).

2. Malokhovsky Ya. E., Lapin L. A., Vedeneev N. K. (1962) Cardan Gears. Moscow, Mashgiz Publ. 156 (in Russian).

3. Ivanov S. N., Kozadaev A. I., Pivovarov B. I., Sokruto I. V. (1992) Truck Drive Lines. Problems and Solutions. Avtomobilnaya Promyshlennost [Automotive Industry], (11), 35–37 (in Russian).

4. Ivanov S. N., Saveliev V. A., Kocheshkov N. P. (1988) Transmission Drivelines. Perspectives of the Problem. Avtomobilnaya Promyshlennost [Automotive Industry], (12), 40–43 (in Russian).

5. Ivanov S. N. (1998) New Generation Transmission Shafts. Avtomobilnaya Promyshlennost [Automotive Industry], (11), 25–28 (in Russian).

6. Trikozyuk V. A. (1980) Vehicle Reliability. Moscow, Transport Publ. 88 (in Russian).

7. Lavrinovich M. F., Shusternyak M. M. (1981) Analysis of Parts Durability of MAZ Cars Family and Technical Methods for Improving it. Moscow, Research Institute of Technology of the Automotive Industry. 56 (in Russian).

8. Zaslavsky O. Ya. (1981) Systematic Approach as Method for Studying Durability of Driveline. Avtomobilnaya Promyshlennost [Automotive Industry], (11), 21–24 (in Russian).

9. Rotenberg R. V. (1981) Systematic Approach to the Problem of Reliability and Issues of its Provision. Moscow, Znanie Publ. 341 (in Russian).

10. Kravchenko V. I., Kostyukovich G. A., Struk V. A. (2006) Cardan Gears: Designs, Materials, Application. Minsk, Tekhnologiya Publ. 409 (in Russian).

11. Lobozov V. P., Nikitin S. I., Shepelyakovsky K. Z., Kuznetsov A. A., Kravchenko V. I., Kostyukovich G. A., Semenyako M. M., Gagasov A. M., Dostanko G. A. (2021) Articulated Transmission of the Wheel Drive of a Motor Vehicle. Patent Russian Federation No 2188134 (in Russian).

12. Drozdov V. A., Kostyukovich G. A., Kravchenko V. I. (2002) Cardan Shaft of Ground Vehicles. Patent Russian Federation No 2212345 (in Russian).

13. Drozdov V. A., Kostyukovich G. A., Kravchenko V. I. (1999) Cardan Shaft of Ground Vehicles. Patent Republic of Belarus No 4418 (in Russian).

14. ISO 12667:1993 Commercial Vehicles and Buses – Cross-Tooth Propeller Shaft Flanges, Type T. Available at: https://www.iso.org/standard/19694.html.

15. ISO 8667:1986 Commercial Vehicles and Buses – Cross-Tooth Gearbox Flanges, Type T. Available at: https://www.iso.org/standard/16054.html.

16. Veremeychik A. I., Sazonov M. I., Khvisevich V. M. (2008) Plasma Technologies as One of the Main Technologies for Improving the Performance Properties of Metal Products. Mekhanika. Nauchnye Issledovaniya i Uchebno-Metodicheskie Razrabotki: Mezhdunar. Sb. Nauch. Tr. Vyp. 2 [Mechanics. Scientific Research and Educational and Methodological Developments: International Collection of Scientific Papers. Iss. 2]. Gomel, Belarusian State University of Transport, 6–12 (in Russian).

17. Chekan N. M., Akula I. P., Gorelchik A. N. (2018) Nitriding and Deposition of Extra Hard Composite Coatings on the Surface of Tool Steels in a Single Technological Cycle. 60 Mezhdunarodnaya Nauchnaya Konferentsiya “Aktual'nye Problemy Prochnosti”: Materialy Konferentsii, Vitebsk, 14–18 Maya 2018 goda [60th International Scientific Conference “Actual Strength Issues”: Proceedings of the Conference, Vitebsk, May 14–18, 2018]. Vitebsk, 176–180 (in Russian).

18. Ovchinnikov E. V., Chekan N. M., Khvisevich V. M., Veremeichyk A. I., Mikhaylov V. V., Kazak N. N. (2021) Structure of Electrospark Nanocomposite Coatings on a Metal Matrix. Vestnik Brestskogo Gosudarstvennogo Tekhnicheskogo Universiteta = Vestnik of Brest State Tech-nical University, (1), 49–53. https://doi.org/10.36773/1818-1212-2021-124-1-49-53 (in Russian).

19. Ovchinnikov E. V., Khvisevich V. M., Chekan N. M., Veremeichyk A. I., Eysmont E. I., Kostukovich G. A. (2021) Lubricants Based on Polar and Non-Polar Liquids Modified with Hybrid Carbon Nanomaterials. Vestnik Brestskogo Gosudarstvennogo Tekhnicheskogo Universiteta = Vestnik of Brest State Technical University, (2), 58–62. https://doi.org/10.36773/1818-1212-2021-125-2-58-62 (in Russian).

20. Veremeichyk A. I., Onysko S. R., Khvisevich V. M., Sosnovsky A. A. (2021) Simulation of Hole Punching with a Cylindrical Punch. Novye Tekhnologii i Materialy, Avtomatizatsiya Proizvodstva: Sb. St. Mezhd. Nauch.-Tekhn. Konf., Brest, Posv. 55-letiyu Brest. Gos. Tekhn. Un-ta [New Technologies and Materials, Production Automation: Collection of Papers of International Scientific and Technical Conference, Brest, Conference Dedicated to 55th Anniversary of Brest State Technical University]. Brest, Brest State Technical University, 107–111 (in Russian).