Introduction of Norms for Air Exchange in Rooms and Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings

Energy saving policy conducted all over the world and in Belarus, particularly, leads to revision of technical standard and legal acts on thermal protection of buildings. Gradual increase of resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures reduces transmission heat losses however expenses on infiltration air heating remain unchangeable. Due to this their portion in overall heat balance of residential buildings is gradually increasing: up to thermal rehabilitation of a building the portion constitutes 30 %, after this process the portion is equal to 53 %. In order to find methods for reduction of heat losses the paper considers an origin of the current standard for inlet air which is equal to 3 m³/h per 1 m² of residential area. It has been shown that the given value has been determined on the assumption of air exchange which is required for assimilation of carbon dioxide and residential area standard per one person. The required air exchange can be reduced up to 1.5 m³/(h×m²) due to improvement of population living conditions and increase in provision of residential area. Calculations have also shown that the given reduction makes it possible to enhance energy efficiency class of a building and decrease portion of heat losses on heating inlet air in overall heat balance. The paper has also revealed that rational light location on both sides permits to reduce a specific index of heat energy consumption for heating and ventilation of a residential building. Determination of outlet air consumption for kitchens has been considered simultaneously with determination of inlet air consumption. It has been ascertained that in order to support combustion process and removal of combustion products consumption of outlet air must constitute 10–20 m³/h according to type of gas stove. Due to the fact that windows can not support the proposed and existing air exchanges they must be completed with plenum valves.

1. Pilipenko V. M. (2007) Complex Reconstruction of Industrial Residential Development: Organizational and Technological Fundamentals. Minsk, Adukatsiya i Vykhavanne Publ. 280 (in Russian).

2. ??P [Technical Code of Common Practice] 45-2.0443–2006* (02250). Thermal Engineering for Construction. Design and Construction Standards. Replaced Construction Standards of the Republic of Belarus. Minsk, Publishing House of Ministry of Architecture and Construction, 2015. 47 (in Russian).

3. Construction Standards of the Republic of Belarus SNB 2.04.01–97. Thermal Engineering for Construction. Minsk, Publishing House of Ministry of Architecture and Construction, 1998. 32 (in Russian).

4. Construction Standards of the Republic of Belarus SNB 2.01.01–93. Thermal Engineering for Construction. Minsk, Publishing House of State Committee of the Republic of Belarus on Architecture and Construction, 1994. 29 (in Russian).

5. SNiP [Construction Rules and Regulations] II-3–79**. Thermal Engineering for Construction. Moscow, Publishing House of Central Institute of Standardized Design of USSR State Committee for Construction, 1986. 32 (in Russian).

6. Construction Standards of the Republic of Belarus SNB 3.02.04–03*. Residential Buildings. Minsk: Publishing House of Ministry of Architecture and Construction, 2016. 23 (in Russian).

7. Standards of the Republic of Belarus 4.02.01–03*. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning: Construction. Minsk. Publishing House of Ministry of Architecture and Construction, 2015. 77 (in Russian).

8. Khrustalev B. M., Kuvshinov Yu. Ya., Kopko V. M., Mikhalevich A. A., Dyachek P. I., Pokotilov V. V., Sen'kevich E. V., Borukhova L. V., Pilyushenko V. P., Bazylenko G. I., Yurkov O. I., Artikhovich V. V., Pshonik M. G. (2008) Heating Supply and Ventilation. Course and Diploma designing. 3rd ?d. Moscow, ASV Publ. 2008. 784 (in Russian).

9. Goncharuk E. I., Bardov V. G., Garkavii S. I., Yavorovskii A. P. (et. al.) (2006) Environmental Sanitation. Kiev, Publishing House “Zdorovya”. 792 (in Russian).

10. EN 15251–2007. Indoor Air Quality, Thermal Environment, Lighting and Acoustics. Date Approved: 26.03.2007. Brussel, CEN, 2007. 50.

11. ASHRAE Standard 62–1989. Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. Available at: https://ashrae.iwrap per.com. (?ccessed 24 April 2016).

12. GOST [All-Union State Standard] ? ?? 13779–2007. Ventilation in Non-Residential Buildings. Technical Requirements to Systems of Ventilation and Conditioning. Moscow, Standartinform Publ., 2008. 44 (in Russian).

13. Organization Standard STO “AVOK” 2.1–2008. Residential and Public Buildings. Air Exchange Standards. Moscow, Publishing House of Non-Commercial Partnership “AVOK”, 2008. 16 (in Russian).

14. Medvedeva I. V. (ed.) (2017) Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Belarus for 2017: Statistical Compilation. Minsk, National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus. 506 (in Russian).

15. TKP [Technical Code of Common Practice] 45-2.04-196– 2010* (02250). Thermal Shielding of Buildings. Thermal Power characteristics. Rules for Determination. Minsk, Publishing House of Ministry of Architecture and Construction, 2011. 27 (in Russian).

16. Heating Supply and Ventilation of Residential Buildings. Reference Book for SNiP (Construction Rules and Regulations). Moscow: Stroyizdat Publ., 1990. 24 (in Russian).

17. Methodology 0212.16–99. Methodology for Calculation of Carbon Emission in Atmosphere by Boilers of Thermal Power Plants and Boiler-Houses. Law of Belarus. Available at: http://www.lawbelarus.com/068492 (in Russian).

18. Sargin Yu. N., Druskin L. I., Pokrovskaya I. B., Staroverov I. G., Shiller Yu. I. (1990) Interior Sanitary and Hygienic Devices. Part 2. Water Supply and Sanitary Piping. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ. 247 (in Russian).