STRUCTURAL AND DESIGN SPECIFICS OF SPACE GRID SYSTEMS

The aim of the study is to identify main trends in the development of space grid structures. In order to reach the purpose it is necessary to conduct a review of the known structural concepts, nodal connections and specifics of the space grid structures and to make conclusions on feasibility improvement of the considered structural concepts that make it possible to develop new solutions without disadvantages residing in the analogues. Analysis of papers written by foreign and national scientists and devoted to theoretical, numerical and experimental studies of stress-strain state, influence of different factors on it and geometrical optimization and designing of space grid structures has been conducted in order to achieve the objectives. Space grid structures and, in particular, flat double-layer grid and most frequent nodes have been studied in the paper. The paper contains a short review of the history on development of space grid structures. It has been found that a rapid development of structural designs was caused by scientific and technical progress and, in particular, improvement of physical and mechanical properties of materials, development of calculation methods, application of software systems for simulating behavior of the structure under load, which significantly increased the calculation accuracy and reduced complexity of design. It has been also established that main parameters that have influence on effectiveness of a structural design are geometric dimensions of its modular elements, ratio of its depth to the span. The world experience on development of connection components has been studied in the paper. The paper presents general classification of nodal connections. Main advantages and disadvantages of existing space grid structures are highlighted and it allows to determine possible methods for their improvement. Theoretical research has permitted to establish that the main direction of spatial grid structures improvement consists in development of new node connection types. Several methods for node improvement have been proposed while taking into account the obtained results.

1. Furche A. (2016) Tragkonstruktionen: Basiswissen für Architekten. Springer Vieweg. 210 (in German).

2. Shimanovsky O. V., Bespalov. S. M. (2002) Peculiar Features in Designing of Long Span Roof Structures on the Basis of Structural Plates. Budivnitstvo Ukrainy [Construction of Ukraine], (5), 21–24 (in Ukrainian).

3. Chilton J. (2000) Space Grid Structures. Boston, Architectural Press. 180. DOI: 10.4324/9780080498188.

4. Kancheli N. V. (2009) Building Space Structures. 3rd ?d. Moscow, Publishing House “ASV”. 112 (in Russian).

5. Lan T. T. (1999) Space Frame Structures. Boca Raton, CRC Press LLC. 129. DOI: 10.4324/9780080498188.

6. Allen E., Iano J. (2013). Fundamentals of Building Construction. Materials and Methods. 6th ed. Wiley. 1024.

7. Parke G. A. R., Disney P. (2002) Space Structures 5. London, Thomas Telford Ltd. 1613. DOI: 10.1680/ss5 v1.31739.

8. Lubo L. N., Mironkov B. A. (1976) Plates of Regular Spatial Patterns. ?oscow, Stroyizdat Publ. 105 (in Russian).

9. Morozov A. P., Vasilenko O. V., Mironkov B. A. (1977). Space Structures of Public Buildings. Leningrad, Storyizdat Publ. 168 (in Russian).

10. Gemmerling A. V. (2014) Structural Constructions from Efficient Roll-Formed Sections. Saarbrücken, Lap Lambert. 137 (in Russian).

11. Mitrofanov S. V. (2012) Operation of Unit-Forming Elements in Structural Construction. Metalev? Konstrukts?? = Metal Constructions, 18 (1), 17–25 (in Ukrainian).

12. Condit C. W. (1961) American Building Art: the Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press. 427.

13. Schueller W. (1983) Horizontal-Span Building Structures. John Wiley and Sons. 594.

14. Edmondson A. C. (2007) A Fuller Explanation: the Synergetic Geometry of R. Buckminster Fuller. Pueblo, Emergent World Press. 339.

15. Bai Y., Yang X. (2012) Novel Joint for Assembly of AllComposite Space Truss Structures: Conceptual Design and Preliminary Study. Journal of Composites for Construction, 17 (1), 130–138. DOI:10.1061/(asce)cc.19435614.0000304.

16. Gerrits J. M. (1998) An Architectonic Approach of Choosing a Space Frame System. Lightweight Structures in Architecture, Engineering and Construction, 2, 992–999.

17. Makowski Z. S. (2002) Development of Jointing Systems for Modular Prefabricated Steel Space Structures. Proceedings of the International Symposium. Warsaw, IASS Polish Chapter, 17–41.

18. Andrade de S. A. L., S. Vellasco da P. C. G., Silva da J. G. S., Lima de L. R. O., D’Este A. V. (2005) Tubular Space Trusses with Simple and Reinforced End-Flattened Nodes-an Overview and Experiments. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 61 (8), 1025–1050. DOI: 10.1016/ j.jcsr. 2005.02.001.

19. Yang X., Bai Y., Ding F. (2015) Structural Performance of a Large-Scale Space Frame Assembled Using Pultruded GFRP Composites. Composite Structures, 133, 986–996. DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.07.120.

20. Gorodetsky A. S., Evzerov I. D. (2005) Computer Models of Structures. Kiev, Fakt Publ. 344 (in Russian).

21. Liu X., Zhao Q., Liu H., Chen Z. (2011) Innovations in Design and Construction of the New Stadiums and Gymnasiums for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures, 52 (1), 39–52.

22. Kholopov I. S., Balzannikov M. I., Alpatov V. Yu. (2012) Application of Grid Metal Structures in Roofing of HPP (Hydro Power Plant) Machine Halls. Vestnik Volgogradskogo Gosudarstvennogo Arkhitekturno-Stroitel'nogo Universiteta. Ser.: Stroitel'stvo i Arkhitektura [Bulletin of Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. Series: Civil Engineering and Architecture], 47 (28), 225–232 (in Russian).

23. Engel ?. (2009) Structure Systems. Ostfildern, Hatje Cantz. 352.

24. Tashakori A., Adeli H. (2002) Optimum Design of ColdFormed Steel Space Structures Using Neural Dynamics Model. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 58 (12), 1545–1566. DOI: 10.1016/s0143-974x(01)00105-5.

25. Trofimov V. I., Begun G. B. (1972) Structural Constructions. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ. 172 (in Russian).

26. Kirsanov M. N. (2011) Static Calculation and Analysis ?f Spatial Rod System. Inzhenerno-Stroitelny Zhournal [Construction-Engineering Journal], 24 (6), 28–34 (in Russian).

27. Shimanovsky V. N., Gordeev V. N., Grinberg M. L. (1987) Optimal Design of Space Grid Roofing. Kiev, Budivelnik Publ. 223 (in Russian).

28. Makowski Z. S. (1992) Space Frames and Trusses. Constructional Steel Design. an International Guide. London, Elsevier, 791–843.

29. Ramaswamy G. S., Eekhout M., Suresh G. R. (2002) Analysis Design and Construction ?f Steel Space Frames. London, Thomas Telford Ltd. 262. DOI: 10.1680/ adacossf.30145.

30. Lan T. T., Qian R. (1986) A Study on the Optimum Design of Space Trusses-Optimal Geometrical Configuration and Selection of Type. Shells, Membranes and Space Frames. Proc. IASS Symp. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 191–198.

31. Chen W. F., Lui E. M. (2005) Handbook of Structural Engineering, Second Edition. CRC Press. 1768. DOI: 10. 1201/9781420039931.

32. Inzhutov I. S., Dmitriev P. A., Deordiev S. V., Zakharyuta V. V. (2013) Analysis of Existing Interface Nodes in Space Structures and Development of Pre-Assembled and Dismountable Nodal Element. Vestnik MGSU [Moscow State University of Civil Engineering Bulletin], (3), 61–71 (in Russian).

33. Stephan, S., Sánchez-Alvarez J., Knebel K. (2004) Reticulated Structures on Free-Form Surface. Stahlbau, 73 (8), 562–572. DOI: 10.1002/stab.200490149.

34. Kaganovsky L. O. (2010) New Solutions for Nodal Connections of Rods in Structural and Single-Layer Latticed Constructions. Zb?rnik Naukovikh Prats' Ukra?ns'kogo Naukovo-Dosl?dnogo ta Proektnogo ?nstitutu Stalevikh Konstrukts?i ?men? V. M. Shimanovs'kogo [Collection of Research Papers of V. Shimanovsky Ukrainian Research and Design Institute of Steel Construction], (5), 192–198 (in Russian).

35. Khisamov R. I. (1981) Calculation and Design of Space Frames. Kiev, Budivelnik Publ. 79 (in Russian).

36. Zueva I. I., Zuev V. V. (2010) Effect of Bolt Connection Compliance ?n Stress-Strain Strain of Structural Constructions. Vestnik of Perm National Research Polytechnic University. Stroitel'stvo i Arhitektura = PNRPU Construction and Architecture Bulletin, (1), 40–46 (in Russian).

37. Zueva I. I., Ivanova S. L. (2013) Specific Features in Designing of TsNIISK-Type [Central Research Institute of Construction Structures] Structural Constructions. Vestnik of Perm National Research Polytechnic University. Stroitel'stvo i Arhitektura = PNRPU Construction and Architecture Bulletin, (1), 91–97 (in Russian).

38. Tur V. I., Tur A. V. (2014) Influence of Nodal Joint Compliance on Stress-Strain State of Metal Net Dome. Fundamentalnye Issledovania = Fundamental Research, (6), 1165–1168 (in Russian).

39. Storozhenko L. ?., Gasii G. M., Gapchenko S. A. (2015) Space Steel-Reinforced Concrete and Structural Cable Roof. Poltava, Publishing House TOV “ASMI”. 216 (in Ukrainian).

40. Storozhenko L. I., Gasii G. M. (2016) Peculiar Features in Structural Concept ?nd Designing of Full-Length Experimental Model of Steel-Reinforced Concrete and Structural Cable Roof. Zb?rnik Naukovikh Prats'. Ser?ya: Galuzeve Mashinobuduvannya, Bud?vnitstvo [Collection of Research Papers. Series: Industrial Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering]. Poltava, Poltava National Technical Yuri Kondratyuk University, 46 (1), 52–60 (in Ukrainian).

41. Storozhenko L. ?., Gasii G. M., Gapchenko S. A. (2014) New Steel-Reinforced Concrete and Structural Cable Constructions. Zb?rnik Naukovikh Prats'. Ser?ya: Galuzeve Mashinobuduvannya, Bud?vnitstvo [Collection of Research Papers. Series: Industrial Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering]. Poltava, Poltava National Technical Yuri Kondratyuk University, 40 (1), 91–96 (in Ukrainian).

42. Gasii G. M. (2016) Fundamentals of form Making and Designing of Space Roof Made from Steel-Reinforced Concrete and Structural Cable Constructions. Stroitelstvo, Materialovedenie, Mashinostroyenie: Sb. Nauch. Trudov [Civel Engineering, Material Science, Mechanical Engineering: Collection of Research Papers], (87), 48–53 (in Ukrainian).

43. Gasii G. M. (2016) Analysis of Stress-Strain State of Trapezoidal Steel Plate in Node Used for Connection of Bottom Chord Elements in Experimental Steel-Reinforced Concrete Structural Cable and Barrel Shell. Zb?rnik Naukovikh Prats' Ukra?ns'ko? Derzhavno? Akadem?? Zal?znichnogo Transportu [Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport Collection of Research Papers]. Kharkiv: UkrSURT, (162), 41–47 (in Ukrainian).

44. Gasii G. M. (2016) Stress-Strain State of Rectangular Steel Plate in Node Used for Connection of Rod Elements in Steel-Reinforced Concrete Structural Cable and Barrel Shell. V?snik Odes'ko? Derzhavno? Akadem?? Bud?vnitstva ta Arkh?tekturi [Odessa State Academy of Civel Engineering and Architecture Bulletin]. Odessa: Publishing House “Zovnishreklamservis”, (62), 215–219 (in Ukrainian).

45. Gasii G. M. (2014) Experimental Investigations on Structural and Steel Cable Roof. Zb?rnik Naukovikh Prats'. Ser?ya: Galuzeve Mashinobuduvannya, Bud?vnitstvo [Collection of Research Papers. Series: Series: Industrial Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering]. Poltava, Poltava National Technical Yuri Kondratyuk University, 42 (3), 47–51 (in Ukrainian).