satНАУКА и ТЕХНИКАScience & Technique2227-10312414-0392Belarusian National Technical University10.21122/2227-1031-2016-15-6-528-535sat-966Research ArticleЭКОНОМИКА ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИECONOMY IN INDUSTRYАНАЛИЗ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ НАУЧНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ СРЕДИ РАЗВИТЫХ И РАЗВИВАЮЩИХСЯ СТРАН, ВКЛЮЧАЯ РЕСПУБЛИКУ БЕЛАРУСЬ, С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ МЕТОДА СТОХАСТИЧЕСКОГО АНАЛИЗА ДАННЫХANALYSIS OF EFFICIENCY OF R&D ACTIVITIES AMONG COUNTRIES WITH DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING ECONOMIES INCLUDING REPUBLIC OF BELARUS WITH STOCHASTIC FRONTIER APPROACHЖуковскийИ. В.ZhukovskiI. V.

Аспирант 

Адрес для переписки: Жуковский Игорь Владимирович – Белорусский государственный университет, ул. Карла Маркса, 31, 220050, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь  Тел.: +375 17 327-25-21    6786544@gmail.com

Post-graduate student 

Address for correspondence: Zhukovski Igor V.– Belarusian State University Karl Marx str., 31, 220050, Minsk, Republic of Belarus Tel.: +375 17 327-25-21  6786544@gmail.com

6786544@gmail.comГедрановичА. Б.GedranovichA. V.

Кандидат экономических наук, доцент

Associate Professor, PhD in Economics

Белорусский государственный университетБеларусьBelarusian State UniversityBelarus201609122016156528535Copyright © Жуковский И.В., Гедранович А.Б., 20162016Жуковский И.В., Гедранович А.Б.Zhukovski I.V., Gedranovich A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sat.bntu.by/jour/article/view/966

В статье исследуется вопрос оценки эффективности научно-исследовательской деятельности 69 стран мира с развитой и развивающейся экономикой с помощью метода стохастического анализа данных (Stochastic Frontier Analysis, SFA). В качестве входных показателей (ресурсов) для расчета эффективности использовали следующие индикаторы: количество ученых на один миллион населения, количество инженеров и технического персонала на один миллион населения, затраты на научно-исследовательские разработки по паритету покупательской способности (в долларах США). Такие показатели, как количество патентов, выданных национальными патентными бюро резидентам, и количество опубликованных научных статей, были использованы как результаты научно-исследователь-ской деятельности. Проведенный анализ показал, что имеется ряд стран, таких как Коста-Рика, Израиль и Сингапур, с наилучшими показателями трансформации имеющихся ресурсов в результаты научно-исследовательской деятельности. В то же время, если говорить о Республике Беларусь, то дополнительное финансирование научно-исследовательской деятельности должно сопровождаться повышением эффективности использования имеющихся ресурсов. 

This study evaluates efficiency of R&D activities based on the stochastic frontier analysis across 69 counties with developed and developing economies. Gross domestic expenditures on R&D in purchasing power parity, researchers per million inhabitants, technicians per million inhabitants are treated as inputs while patents granted to residents and scientific and technical journal articles are considered as outputs. According to the analysis results Costa Rica, Israel and Singapore are the most efficient in terms of transformation of available resources into the R&D results. What concerns Belarus it is necessary that additional investments in R&D go together with increasing efficiency of available resources’ usage. 

научно-исследовательская деятельностьэффективностьметод стохастического анализа данныхR&Defficiencystochastic frontier analysisReferencesEdquist, C. Systems of Innovation Approaches – their Emergence and Characteristics / C. Edquist, M. McKelvey // Systems of Innovation: Growth. Competitiveness and Employment. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2000. P. 3–37.Edquist C., McKelvey M. (2000) Systems of Innovation Approaches – their Emergence and Characteristics. Systems of Innovation: Growth. Competitiveness and Employment. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, 3–37.Globalization of R&D and Developing Countries: Proceedings of the Expert Meeting / edited by K. Kalotay. T. Pollan, T. Fredriksson. Geneva and New York: United Nations Publication. UNSTAD, 2005. 242 p.Kalotay K., Pollan T., Fredriksson T. (2005) Globalization of R&D and developing countries: proceedings of the expert meeting. Geneva and New York, United Nations Publication. UNSTAD. 242.Pearce, R. D. Decentralized R&D and Strategic Competitiveness: Globalized Approaches to Generation and Use of Technology in Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) / R. D. Pearce // Research Policy. 1999. Vol. 28, No 2. P. 157–178.Pearce R. D. (1999) Decentralised R&D and strategic Compe-Titiveness: Globalised Approaches to Generation and use of Technology in Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). Research Policy, 28 (2-3), 157–178. doi: 10.1016/s0048-7333(98)00115-2Lee, M. Evaluation of National R&D Projects in Korea / M. Lee, B. Son, K. Om // Research Policy. 2007. Vol. 25, №5. P. 805–818.Lee M., Son B., Om K. (2007) Evaluation of national R&D projects in Korea. Research Policy, 25 (5), 805–818. doi: 10.1016/0048-7333(96)00879-7Roessner, J. D. Evaluating Government Innovation Programs: Lessons from the US Experience / J. D. Roessner // Research Policy. 1989. Vol. 18, No 6. P. 343–359.Roessner J. D. (1989) Evaluating government innovation programs: Lessons from the US experience. Research Policy, 18 (6), 343–359. doi: 10.1016/0048-7333(89)90022-xWang, E. C. Relative Efficiency of R&D Activities: a Cross-Country Study Accounting for Environmental Factors in the DEA Approach / E. C. Wang, W. Huang // Research Policy. 2007. Vol. 36, No 2. P. 260–273.Wang E. C., Huang W. (2007) Relative efficiency of R&D activities: A cross-country study accounting for environmental factors in the DEA approach. Research Policy, 36 (2), 260–273. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2006.11.004A Balanced Scorecard for Identifying Factors of Strategic Fit of National R&D Program on the Creative Economy Policy / J. Kim [et al.] // World Academy of Science. Engineering and Technology. International Journal of Mechanical. Aerospace. Industrial. Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering. 2013. Vol. 7, No10. P. 980–984.Kim J., Cho H., Park Y., Kim Y., Jeon J. (2013) A Balanced Scorecard for Identifying Factors of Strategic Fit of National R&D Program on the Creative Economy Policy. World Academy of Science. Engineering and Technology. International Journal of Mechanical. Aerospace. Industrial. Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering, 7 (10), 980–984.Meliciani, V. The Relationship Between R&D. Investment and Patents: a Panel Data Analysis / V. Meliciani // Applied Economics. 2000. Vol. 32, No 11. P. 1429–1437.Meliciani V. (2000) The relationship between R&D. investment and patents: a panel data analysis. Applied Economics, 32 (11), 1429–1437. doi: 10.1080/00036840050151502Hartmann, G. C. Linking R&D Spending to Revenue Growth / G. C. Hartmann // Research-Technology Management. 2003. Vol. 46, No 1. P. 39–46.Hartmann G. C. (2003) Linking R&D spending to revenue growth. Research-Technology Management, 46 (1), 39–46.Wang, E. C. R&D Efficiency and Economic Performance: a Cross-Country Analysis Using the Stochastic Frontier Approach / E. C. Wang // Journal of Policy Modeling. 2007. Vol. 29, No 2. P. 345–360.Wang E. C. (2007) R&D efficiency and economic performance: A cross-country analysis using the stochastic frontier approach. Journal of Policy Modeling, 29 (2), 345–360.doi: 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2006.12.005Lee, H. Comparative Evaluation of Performance of National R&D Programs with Heterogeneous Objectives:a DEA Approach / H. Lee, Y. Park, H. Choi // European Journal of Operational Research. 2008. Vol. 196, No 3. P. 847–855.Lee H., Park Y., Choi H. (2008) Comparative evaluation of performance of national R&D programs with heterogeneous objectives: A DEA approach. European Journal of Operational Research, 196 (3), 847–855. doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2008.06.016Pakes, A. Patents and R&D at the Firm Level: a First Report / A. Pakes, Z. Griliches // Economics Letters. 1980. Vol. 5, No 4. P. 377–381.Pakes A., Griliches Z. (1980) Patents and R&D at the firm level: A first report. Economics letters, 5 (4), 377–381. doi: 10.1016/0165-1765(80)90136-6Griliches, Z. Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators: a Survey / Z. Griliches // Journal of Economic Literature. 1990. Vol. 28, No 4. P. 1661–1707.Griliches Z. (1990) Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators: A Survey. Journal of Economic Literature, 28 (4), 1661–1707. doi:10.3386/w3301Griliches, Z. Productivity R&D and Basic Research at the Firm Level in the 1970s / Z. Griliches // American Economic Review. 1986. Vol. 76, No 1. P. 141–154.Griliches Z. (1986) Productivity. R&D. and Basic Research at the Firm Level in the 1970s. American Economic Review, 76 (1), 141–154. doi: 10.3386/w1547Mansfield, E. Industrial R&D in Japan and the United States: a Comparative Study/ E. Mansfield // The American Economic Review. 1988. Vol. 78, No 2. P. 223–228.Mansfield E. (1988) Industrial R&D in Japan and the United States: A comparative study. The American Economic Review, 78 (2), 223–228.Goto, A. R&D Capital Rate of Return on R&D Investment and Spillover of R&D in Japanese Manufacturing Industries / A. Goto. K. Suzuki // The Review of Economics and Statistics. 1989. Vol. 71, No 4. P. 555–564.Goto A., Suzuki K. (1989) R & D Capital, Rate of Return on R & D Investment and Spillover of R & D in Japanese Manufacturing Industries. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 71 (4), 555–564. doi: 10.2307/1928096Lee, H. Y. An International Comparison of R&D Efficiency: DEA Approach / H. Y. Lee, Y. T. Park // Asian Journal of Technology Innovation. 2005. Vol. 13, No 2. P. 207–222.Lee H. Y., Park Y. T. (2005) An international comparison of R&D efficiency: DEA approach. Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, 13 (2), 207–222. doi:10.1080/19761597.2005.9668614Kocher, M. G. Measuring Productivity of Research in Economics: a Cross-Country Study Using DEA / M. G. Kocher, M. Luptacik, M. Sutter // Socio-Economic Planning Sciences. 2006. Vol. 40, No 4. P. 314–332.Kocher M. G., Luptacik M., Sutter M. (2006) Measuring productivity of research in economics: A cross-country study using DEA. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 40 (4), 314–332. doi: 10.1016/j.seps.2005.04.001Жуковский, И. В. Межстрановый анализ эффективности инновационной деятельности на основе метода оболочечного анализа данных среди государств с развитой и развивающейся экономиками, включая Республику Беларусь / И. В. Жуковский, А. Б. Гедранович // Наука и техника. 2016. Т. 15, № 2. С. 154–163.Zhukovski I. V., Gedranovich A. B. (2016) Inter-country efficiency evaluation in innovation activity on the basis of method for data envelopment analysis among countries with developed and developing economy including the Republic of Belarus. Nauka i Tekhnika [Science & Technique], 15 (2), 154–163. doi: 10.21122/2227-1031-2016-15-2-154-163 (in Russian).Sharma, S. Inter-Country R&D Efficiency Analysis: an Application of Data Envelopment Analysis / S. Sharma, V. Thomas // Scientometrics. 2008. Vol. 76, No 3. P. 483–501.Sharma S., Thomas V. (2008) Inter-country R&D efficiency analysis: An ap-plication of data envelopment analysis. Scientometrics, 76 (3), 483–501. doi: 10.1007/s11192-007-1896-4Rousseau, S. Data Envelopment Analysis as a Tool for Con-structing Scientometric Indicators / S. Rousseau, R. Rousseau // Scientometrics. 1997. Vol. 40, No 1. P. 45–56.Rousseau S., Rousseau R. (1997) Data envelopment analysis as a tool for constructing scientometric indicators. Scientometrics, 40 (1), 45–56. doi: 10.1007/bf02459261Aigner, D. Formulation and Estimation of Stochastic Frontier Production Function Models / D. Aigner, C. K. Lovell, P. Schmidt // Journal of Econometrics. 1977. Vol. 6, No 1. P. 21–37.Aigner D., Lovell C. K., Schmidt P. (1977) Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production function models. Journal of Econometrics, 6 (1), 21–37. doi: 10.1016/0304-4076(77)90052-5Meeusen, W. Efficiency Estimation from Cobb-Douglas Production Functions with Composed Error / W. Meeusen, J. V. D. Broeck // International Economic Review. 1977. Vol. 18, № 2. P. 435–444.Meeusen W., Broeck J.V.D. (1977) Efficiency estimation from Cobb-Douglas production functions with composed error. International economic review, 18 (2), 435–444. doi: 10.2307/2525757The Technical Efficiency of Container Ports: Comparing Data Envelopment Analysis and Stochastic Frontier Ana-lysis / K. Cullinane [et al.] // Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 2006. Vol. 40, No 4. P. 354–374.Kevin Cullinanea, Teng-Fei Wangb, Dong-Wook Songc, Ping Jid (2006) The technical efficiency of container ports: comparing data envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier analysis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 40 (4), 354–374. doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2005.07.003Bogetoft, P. Benchmarking with DEA, SFA and R / P. Bogetoft, L. Otto. New York: Springer, 2010. Vol. 157. 365 p.Bogetoft P., Otto L. (2010) Benchmarking with DEA, SFA, and R. New York, Springer, 157. 365. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7961-2.Jiancheng, G. Evaluation and Interpretation of Knowledge Production Efficiency / G. Jiancheng, W. Junxia // Scientometrics. 2004. Vol. 59, No 1. P. 131–155.Jiancheng G., Junxia W. (2004) Evaluation and interpretation of knowledge production efficiency. Scientometrics, 59 (1), 131–155. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1023/b:scie.0000013303.25298.aePavitt, K. Patent Statistics as Indicators of Innovative Activities: Possibilities and Problems/ K. Pavitt // Scientometrics. 1985. Vol. 7, No 1–2. P. 77–99.Pavitt K. (1985) Patent statistics as indicators of innovative activities: possibilities and problems. Scientometrics, (7), (1–2), 77–99. doi: 10.1007/bf02020142Fleischer, M. Innovation, Patenting and Performance / M. Fleischer // Economie Appliquée. 1999. Vol. 52, No 2. P. 95–120.Fleischer M. (1999) Innovation, patenting and performance. Economie Appliquée, 52. (2), 95–120.Adams, J. D. Research Productivity in a System of Universities / J. D. Adams, Z. Griliches // The Economics and Econometrics of Innovation. Springer: US, 2000. P. 105–140.Adams J. D., Griliches Z. (2000) Research productivity in a system of universities. The economics and econometrics of innovation. US, Springer, 105–140. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-3194-1_5Hall, B. H. Patents and R&D: is there a Lag? / B. H. Hall, Z. Griliches, J. A. Hausman // International Economic Review. 1986. Vol. 27, No 2. P. 265–284.Hall B. H., Griliches Z., Hausman J. A. (1986) Patents and R&D: Is There a Lag? International Economic Review, 27 (2), 265–284. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2526504Griliches, Z. Issues in Assessing the Contribution of Research and Development to Productivity Growth / Z. Griliches // The Bell Journal of Economics. 1979. Vol. 10, No 1. P. 92–116.Griliches Z. (1979) Issues in assessing the contribution of research and development to productivity growth. The Bell Journal of Economics, 10 (1), 92–116. doi: 10.2307/3003321Guellec, D. From R&D to Productivity Growth: Do the Institutional Settings and the Source of Funds of R&D Matter? / D. Guellec, D. Van Pottelsberghe de la Potte-rie // Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. 2004. Vol. 66, No 30. P. 353–378.Guellec D., Van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie D. (2004) From R&D to productivity growth: Do the institutional settings and the source of funds of R&D matter? Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 66 (30), 353–378. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0084.2004.00083.x

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.