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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">НАУКА и ТЕХНИКА</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Science &amp; Technique</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-1031</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-0392</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Belarusian National Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21122/2227-1031-2016-15-4-322-328</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sat-937</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭЛЕКТРОННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ELEСТRONIC SYSTEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ГИБРИДНЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mathematical Modeling of Hybrid Electrical Engineering Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобатый</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobaty</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор технических наук, профессор </p><p>Адрес для переписки: Лобатый Александр Александрович – Белорусский национальный технический университет, ул. Ф. Скорины, 25/3, 220114, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь Тел.: +375 17 266-26-61 mido@bntu.by</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, PhD in Engineering</p><p>Address for correspondence: Lobaty Alexander A. - Belаrusian National Technical University, 25/3 F. Skorina str., 220013, Minsk, Republic of BelarusTel.: +375 17 266-26-61  mido@bntu.by</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mido@bntu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петренко</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrenko</surname><given-names>Yu. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат технических наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor, PhD in Engineering</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эльзейн</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Elzein</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант Эльзейн Аймад</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate student</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абуфанас</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abufanas</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate student</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский национальный технический университет</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian National Technical University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>08</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>322</fpage><lpage>328</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лобатый А.А., Петренко Ю.Н., Эльзейн А., Абуфанас А.С., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лобатый А.А., Петренко Ю.Н., Эльзейн А., Абуфанас А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lobaty A.A., Petrenko Y.N., Elzein I., Abufanas A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sat.bntu.by/jour/article/view/937">https://sat.bntu.by/jour/article/view/937</self-uri><abstract><p>К электротехническим системам относится большой класс систем, нашедших применение в различных отраслях промышленности и быту, в электрифицированных транспортных объектах и энергетике. Их характерная черта – комбинация непрерывного и дискретного режимов работы, что нашло отражение в появлении относительно нового термина «гибридные системы». Широкий класс гибридных систем – это импульсные преобразователи постоянного тока, работающие в режиме широтно-импульсной модуляции и являющиеся нелинейными системами с переменной структурой. Используя различные приемы линеаризации, можно получить линейные математические модели, которые достаточно точно имитируют поведение таких систем. Однако наличие в математических моделях экспоненциальных нелинейностей создает значительные трудности при реализации системы на цифровых аппаратных средствах. Решение может быть найдено применением аппроксимации показательных функций полиномами первого порядка, что нарушает строгость соответствия аналитической модели характеристикам реального объекта. Существуют два подхода в практике синтеза алгоритмов управления гибридных систем. Первый основан на представлении всей системы дискретной моделью, описываемой разностными уравнениями, и на основе этого – синтез дискретных алгоритмов. Второй подход основан на описании системы дифференциальными уравнениями – синтез непрерывных алгоритмов и дальнейшая реализация их в цифровой вычислительной машине, включенной в контур управления системой. Рассмотрено моделирование гибридной электротехнической системы с помощью дифференциальных уравнений. Пренебрегая длительностью импульсов, поведение компонент вектора фазовых координат гибридной системы предлагается описать стохастическими дифференциальными уравнениями, содержащими в общем случае нелинейные не дифференцируемые случайные функции. Получено векторно-матричное стохастическое уравнение, описывающее динамику процессов, в котором представлены как непрерывная, так и дискретная составляющие, характеризующие амплитудную модуляцию сигналов. На основе математической модели гибридной системы получено уравнение для плотности вероятности распределения фазовых координат системы. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A large class of systems that have found application in various industries and households, electrified transportation facilities and energy sector has been classified as electrical engineering systems. Their characteristic feature is a combination of continuous and discontinuous modes of operation, which is reflected in the appearance of a relatively new term “hybrid systems”. A wide class of hybrid systems is pulsed DC converters operating in a pulse width modulation, which are non-linear systems with variable structure. Using various methods for linearization it is possible to obtain linear mathematical models that rather accurately simulate behavior of such systems. However, the presence in the mathematical models of exponential nonlinearities creates considerable difficulties in the implementation of digital hardware. The solution can be found while using an approximation of exponential functions by polynomials of the first order, that, however, violates the rigor accordance of the analytical model with characteristics of a real object. There are two practical approaches to synthesize algorithms for control of hybrid systems. The first approach is based on the representation of the whole system by a discrete model which is described by difference equations that makes it possible to synthesize discrete algorithms. The second approach is based on description of the system by differential equations. The equations describe synthesis of continuous algorithms and their further implementation in a digital computer included in the control loop system. The paper considers modeling of a hybrid electrical engineering system using differential equations. Neglecting the pulse duration, it has been proposed to describe behavior of vector components in phase coordinates of the hybrid system by stochastic differential equations containing generally non-linear differentiable random functions. A stochastic vector-matrix equation describing dynamics of the processes has been obtained in the paper. The equation contains both continuous and discrete components, which characterize an amplitude signal modulation. An equation for probability density of phase coordinate distribution in the system has been developed on the basis of a mathematical model for a hybrid system.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>математическая модель</kwd><kwd>гибридная система</kwd><kwd>пространство состояний</kwd><kwd>стохастические уравнения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mathematical model</kwd><kwd>hybrid system</kwd><kwd>state space</kwd><kwd>stochastic equations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Utkin, V. I., Sliding Mode Control in Electromechanical Systems / V. I. Utkin, V. J. Guldner, J. X. Shi. London, U.K.: Taylor &amp; Francis, 1999. 350 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Utkin V. I., Guldner V. J., Shi J. X. (1999) Sliding Mode Control in Electromechanical Systems. 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