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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">НАУКА и ТЕХНИКА</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Science &amp; Technique</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-1031</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-0392</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Belarusian National Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sat-828</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАШИНОСТРОЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MECHANICAL ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЭФФЕКТ ОБЖАТИЯ НАГРУЖАЕМОГО РЕЛЬСА ПОЛУШПАЛАМИ L-ОБРАЗНОГО СЕЧЕНИЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SQUEEZING EFFECT OF RAIL LOADED BY SEMI-SLEEPERS HAVING L-SHAPED CROSS-SECTION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суходоев</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhodoev</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат технических наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor, PhD in Engineering</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shura.valerevna.65@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трушкина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trushkina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инженер</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Engineer</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shura.valerevna.65@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапенок</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapionok</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инженер</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Engineer</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shura.valerevna.65@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский национальный технический университет</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian National Technical University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>05</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Суходоев В.Н., Трушкина А.В., Лапенок Н.В., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Суходоев В.Н., Трушкина А.В., Лапенок Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sukhodoev V.N., Trushkina A.V., Lapionok N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sat.bntu.by/jour/article/view/828">https://sat.bntu.by/jour/article/view/828</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрена проблема введения в практику фундаментостроения понятия и закономерностей «эффекта обжатия внецентренно нагружаемого рельса полушпалами L-образного сечения» на примере ленточного трамвайного пути, преимущества которому обеспечивают сдвоенные внецентренно нагружаемые фундаменты – полушпалы. Полушпала L-образного сечения – это рычаг L-образной формы, преобразующий в горизонтальные вертикальную нагрузку и сжимаемость основания. Для создания положительного эффекта использовали свойства двух полушпал, сдвоенных, навстречу ориентированных, внецентренно нагружаемых. Обжатие создает горизонтальная сила, которая проявляется как составляющая вертикальной нагрузки на перемещениях, функционально зависящих от сжимаемости основания. Эти зависимости показывают, что прочностные и деформационные свойства грунтового основания вертикального направления используются для создания горизонтальных свойств вертикального плеча полушпалы.</p><p>Изучена механика эффекта обжатия нагружаемого рельса полушпалами L-образного сечения. Установлено, что эффект обжатия рельса – это результат сжатия в двух взаимно перпендикулярных направлениях (обжатие) нагрузкой от колеса рельса с прокладками, если расположить их внутри шпалы-механизма на упругом основании.</p><p>Методика расчета параметров эффекта обжатия рельса является инструментом для решения прикладных задач ленточных трамвайных путей. Результаты предлагаемого расчета эффекта обжатия рельса в упругой постановке задачи и при неизмененных размерах сечения рельсовой нити и введении поправочных коэффициентов соотношения с новыми исходными данными по нагрузке рекомендуются к практическому применению как достоверные значения. Выявлена пропорциональная зависимость эффекта обжатия рельса по прочности от величины равнодействующей реактивного давления, разности эксцентриситетов этой равнодействующей и нагрузки и обратно пропорциональной зависимости от расстояния по вертикали между вектором силы обжатия и положением связи сдвоенных фундаментов. Сила обжатия рельса увеличится, если уменьшить высоту фундаментов при неизменных ширине и давлении на основание или если увеличить ординату расположения связи между ними при неизменной высоте фундамента.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper considers a problem on introduction of a conception and regularities of “squeezing effect of a rail loaded non centrally by semi-sleepers having L-shaped cross-section” exemplified by belt-type tramway. Its advantages are ensured by doubled non centrally loaded foundations these are semi-sleepers. Semi-sleeper of L-shape cross-section is a lever of L-shape form, transforming a vertical load into horizontal ones and foundation squeezing. Properties of two semi-sleepers being doubled, orientated to each other and non centrally loaded have been used in order to create a positive effect. A horizontal force creates squeezing and it is revealed as a component of a vertical load during displacements which functionally depend on foundation squeezing. These dependences demonstrate that strength and deformation properties of earth foundation of vertical direction are used for creation of horizontal properties of sleeper vertical shoulder.</p><p>The paper studies mechanics pertaining to a squeezing effect of a rail loaded by semi-sleepers having L-shaped cross-section. It has been established that the rail squeezing effect results from squeezing process executed in two mutually perpendicular directions (reduction of cross-sectional area) by load of a rail wheel with spacers if they are set inside of a sleeper-mechanism on an elastic foundation.</p><p>Methodology for calculation of parameters on the rail reduction effect is considered as a tool for handling of applied problems on belt-type tramways. Results of the proposed rail reduction effect in problem statement for elastic conditions, with unchanged cross-sectional dimension of a rail line and introduction of correction ratio coefficients due to new initial load data have recommended for practical application as reliable values.</p><p>The paper has revealed a proportional dependence of the rail reduction effect according to strength on the resultant value of reaction pressure, eccentricity difference of the resultant and load and inverse proportion due to distance along vertical line between reduction force vector and connection position of doubled foundations. Rail squeezing force will be increased if we reduce foundation height while having unchanged width and foundation pressure or if we increase an ordinate of the connection arrangement between them while having unchanged foundation height.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эффект обжатия рельса</kwd><kwd>ленточный трамвайный путь</kwd><kwd>полушпала</kwd><kwd>рельс</kwd><kwd>шпала-механизм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rail squeezing effect</kwd><kwd>belt-type tramway</kwd><kwd>semi-sleeper</kwd><kwd>rail</kwd><kwd>sleeper-mechanism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trushkina, A. V.,  Sukhodoev, V. N. (2000) Railway. Patent Republic of Belarus, no 3262 (in Russian); Trushkina, A. V.,  Sukhodoev, V. N. (2001). Railway. 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