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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">НАУКА и ТЕХНИКА</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Science &amp; Technique</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-1031</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-0392</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Belarusian National Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sat-7</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЕСТЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NATURAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПРОВОДЯЩИЙ КАНАЛ ДЛЯ ТРАНСМИССИИ ЭНЕРГИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CONDUCTIVE CHANNEL FOR ENERGY TRANSMISSION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аполлонов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Apollonov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор физико-математических наук, профессор</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vapollo@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт общей физики имени Прохорова А. М.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аполлонов В.В., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аполлонов В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Apollonov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sat.bntu.by/jour/article/view/7">https://sat.bntu.by/jour/article/view/7</self-uri><abstract><p>Лазерный разряд, полученный при помощи конической оптики, является наиболее подходящим для образования проводящих каналов в атмосфере. Чаще всего рассматриваются только два типа лазеров для формирования высокопроводящих  каналов в атмосфере,  управляемых  лазерным разрядом: импульсные субмикросекундные  газовохимический лазеры (CO2, DF) и короткоимпульсные твердотельные ультрафиолетовые лазеры.</p><p>Основное преимущество короткоимпульсного лазера заключается в его способности формировать сверхдлинные ионизированные каналы с  характерным диаметром ~100 мкм в атмосфере по направлению распространения луча. При расчётной плотности электронов ниже 10 ⋅ 16 см–3 в этих нитях при длине волны лазера в диапазоне 0,5–1,0 мм плазма слабо абсорбирует лазерное излучение. В данном случае длина пути, образуемого многими нитями и определяемая интенсивностью лазерного излучения, может исчисляться многими километрами при энергии фемтосекундного импульса, равной ~100 мДж. Однако такие лазеры не могут применяться для создания высокопроводимых длинных каналов в атмосфере. Активное сопротивление данного типа проводящих каналов оказывается очень высоким, и невозможно добиться сильного нагревания газа в этих каналах (&lt;1 Дж). Электрический пробой, управляемый излучением фемтосекундного твердотельного лазера, обеспечивается  только при длине 3 м и напряжении 2 MВ в искровом промежутке (670 кВ/м).</p><p>Недавно научная группа из института имени П. Н. Лебедева улучшила этот результат. При этом искровой промежуток 1 м был пробит лазерным излучением KrF посредством переключения высоковольтного (до 390 кВ/м) энергетического разряда УФ импульсами длительностью 100 наносекунд. Наш предыдущий результат – это проводящий канал длиной в 16 м, контролируемый лазерным разрядом при напряжении 3 MВ, был получен более 20 лет тому назад в России и в Японии с использованием импульсного CO2-лазера с энергией, равной 0,5 кДж. Средняя напряженность электрического поля составляла &lt; 190 кВ/м. Таким образом, предстоит еще много сделать, чтобы добиться эффективного применения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Laser spark obtained by using a conical optics is much more appropriate to form conducting channels in atmosphere. Only two types of lasers are actively considered to be used in forming high-conductivity channels in atmosphere, controlled by laser spark: pulsed sub-microsecond gas and chemical lasers (CO2, DF) and short pulse solid-state and UV lasers. </p><p>Main advantage of short pulse lasers is their ability in forming of super long ionized channels with a characteristic diameter of ~100  µ  in atmosphere along the  beam propagation direction. At estimated electron densities below  10 ⋅ 16 cm–3 in these filaments and laser wavelengths in the range of 0,5–1,0 mm, the plasma barely absorbs laser radiation.  In this case, the length of the track composed of many filaments is determined by the laser intensity and may reach many kilometers at a femtosecond pulse energy of ~100 mJ. However, these lasers could not be used to form high-conductivity long channels in atmosphere. The ohmic resistance of this type a conducting channels turned out to be very high, and the gas in the channels could not be strongly heated (&lt; 1 J). An electric breakdown controlled by radiation of femtosecond solid-state laser was implemented in only at a length of 3 m with a voltage of 2 MV across the discharge gap (670 kV/m).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лазер</kwd><kwd>взрывающаяся проволочка</kwd><kwd>проводящий канал</kwd><kwd>лазерный разряд</kwd><kwd>электрический разряд</kwd><kwd>импульсно-периодический лазер</kwd><kwd>трансмиссия энергии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>laser</kwd><kwd>exploding wire</kwd><kwd>conductive channel</kwd><kwd>laser spark</kwd><kwd>electric discharge</kwd><kwd>pulse-periodic laser</kwd><kwd>energy transmission</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Apollonov, V. V., Baitsur, G. G., Ermachenko, A. V., Firsov, K. N., Konev, V. M., Kononov, I. G., Koval’chuk, O. B., Kralin, V. V., Minenkov, V. R., Prokhorov, A. M., Semenov, S. 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