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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">НАУКА и ТЕХНИКА</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Science &amp; Technique</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-1031</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-0392</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Belarusian National Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21122/2227-1031-2025-24-3-217-224</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sat-2868</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАШИНОСТРОЕНИЕ И МАШИНОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MECHANICAL ENGINEERING АND ENGINEERING SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Снижение стоимости изделия путем оптимизации конструкторских размерных цепей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Reducing Cost of Product by Optimizing Design Dimensional Chains</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спесивцева</surname><given-names>Ю. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Spesivtseva</surname><given-names>Yu. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат техничских наук, доцент</p><p>Адрес для переписки:Спесивцева Юлия Борисовна  –Белорусский национальный технический университет, ул. Я. Коласа, 22, 220013, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь .Тел.: +375 17 331-11-20spesivtseva@bntu.by</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Address for correspondence:Spesivtseva Yulija B. –Belorussian National Technical University,22, Ya. Kolasa str.,220013, Minsk, Republic of Belarus.Tel.: + 375 17 331-11-20spesivtseva@bntu.by</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">spesivtseva@bntu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколовский</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolovsky</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат технических наук, доцент</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соломахо</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solomakho</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор технических наук, профессор</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кубрин</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kubrin</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студент</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лужинская</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Luzhinskaya</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студент</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский национальный технический университет</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belаrusian National Technical University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>217</fpage><lpage>224</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Спесивцева Ю.Б., Соколовский С.С., Соломахо В.Л., Кубрин Д.С., Лужинская А.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Спесивцева Ю.Б., Соколовский С.С., Соломахо В.Л., Кубрин Д.С., Лужинская А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Spesivtseva Y.B., Sokolovsky S.S., Solomakho V.L., Kubrin D.S., Luzhinskaya A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sat.bntu.by/jour/article/view/2868">https://sat.bntu.by/jour/article/view/2868</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель расчета размерных цепей заключается в обеспечении точности замыкающего звена, необходимой для функционирования объекта. Традиционно применяемые методы назначения допусков на составляющие звенья размерной цепи ориентированы на обеспечение их точностной эквивалентности без связи процесса проектирования с производством. На практике точность конструктивных элементов деталей определяет стоимость обработки соответствующих поверхностей, поэтому различные варианты распределения точности замыкающего звена среди составляющих звеньев приводят к различной стоимости изготовления всего комплекта деталей, входящих в размерную цепь. В работе решается задача оптимизации конструкторских размерных цепей по критерию минимальной себестоимости. Комплексный подход решения этой задачи включает методику определения зависимостей «допуск – стоимость», формирование необходимой информационной базы и непосредственно алгоритм оптимизации допусков составляющих звеньев размерной цепи. Определение зависимостей «допуск – стоимость» базируется на методике укрупненного расчета технологической себестоимости с помощью коэффициентов относительной стоимости технологической операции и времени ее выполнения. Полученные зависимости аппроксимируются степенной функций. Задача оптимизации решается на основе необходимого и достаточного условия существования экстремума с помощью метода неопределенных множителей Лагранжа. Зависимости для определения оптимизированных допусков звеньев размерных цепей получены для методов «максимума-минимума» и вероятностного. Формирование информационной базы для определения зависимостей «допуск – стоимость» основано на классификации и типизации конструктивных элементов деталей по признакам, определяющим вид обработки и технологическое оборудование. Оптимизация конструкторских размерных цепей на базе предложенного подхода может применяться в условиях массового производства как один из путей снижения себестоимости изделия и обеспечения его конкурентоспособности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of calculating dimensional chains is to ensure the accuracy of the closing link necessary for the functioning of the object. Traditionally used methods of assigning tolerances to the component links of the dimension chain are aimed at ensuring their accuracy equivalence without linking the design process with production. In practice, the accuracy of the structural elements of the parts determines the cost of processing the corresponding surfaces, therefore, different options for distributing the accuracy of the master link among the component links lead to different costs for manufacturing</p><p>the entire set of parts included in the dimensional chain. The paper solves the problem of optimizing design dimensional chains according to the criterion of minimum cost. An integrated approach to solving this problem includes a method for determining the tolerance-cost dependencies, the formation of the necessary information base and directly an algorithm for optimizing the tolerances of the component links of the dimensional chain. The definition of the “tolerance cost” dependencies is based on the method of aggregated calculation of technological cost using the coefficients of the relative cost of the technological operation and the time of its execution. The obtained dependencies are approximated by power functions. The optimization problem is solved on the basis of the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of an extremum using the method of indefinite Lagrange multipliers. Dependencies for determining optimized tolerances of links of dimensional chains are obtained for the maximum-minimum and probabilistic methods. The formation of an information base for determining the “tolerance cost” dependencies is based on the classification and typification of structural elements of parts according to features that determine the type of processing and technological equipment. Optimization of design dimensional chains based on the proposed approach can be used in mass production conditions as one of the ways to reduce the cost of a product and ensure its competitiveness.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>конструкторская размерная цепь</kwd><kwd>минимизация себестоимости</kwd><kwd>зависимость «допуск – стоимость»</kwd><kwd>оптимизированные допуски</kwd><kwd>классификация звеньев размерной цепи</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>design dimension chain</kwd><kwd>cost minimization</kwd><kwd>“tolerance – cost” relationship</kwd><kwd>optimized tolerances</kwd><kwd>classification of links of the dimension chain</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дунаев, П. Ф. Расчет допусков размеров / П. Ф. Дунаев, О. П. Леликов. 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