satНАУКА и ТЕХНИКАScience & Technique2227-10312414-0392Belarusian National Technical University10.21122/2227-1031-2021-20-1-52-57sat-2408Research ArticleТРАНСПОРТTRANSPORTПовышение энергетических характеристик тяговых электромобилей в решении проблемы электрического торможенияImproving the Energy Performance of Traction Electric Drive Vehicles in Solving Electric BrakingГерасименкоВ.HerasymenkoV.

Магистр технических наук

Адрес для переписки: Герасименко Виталий - Харьковский национальный университет городского хозяйства имени А. Н. Бекетова, ул. Маршала Бажанова, 17, 61002, г. Харьков, Украина.  Тел.: +38 099 388-30-28      Twixvi@gmail.com

Address for correspondence: Herasymenko Vitalii – O. M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, 17, Marshal Bazhanov str., 61002, Kharkiv, Ukraine.  Tel.: +38 099 388-30-28     Twixvi@gmail.com

Twixvi@gmail.comШпикаН.ShpikaN.

Кандидат технических наук, доцент

г. Харьков

Kharkiv

СмирныйМ.SmyrnyiM.

Доктор технических наук, профессор

г. Харьков

Kharkiv

ХуружаД.KhuruzhaD.

г. Харьков

Kharkiv

Харьковский национальный университет городского хозяйства имени А. Н. БекетоваУкраинаO. M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in KharkivUkraine2021040220212015257Copyright © Герасименко В., Шпика Н., Смирный М., Хуружа Д., 20212021Герасименко В., Шпика Н., Смирный М., Хуружа Д.Herasymenko V., Shpika N., Smyrnyi M., Khuruzha D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sat.bntu.by/jour/article/view/2408

Эффективность системы электрического торможения во многом зависит от того, каким способом оно осуществляется, приемлемы ли для данного транспортного средства тормозные характеристики, которые она формирует, насколько просты и надежны технические решения, заложенные в систему, и куда используется энергия торможения. При электрическом торможении можно не только гасить электрическую энергию на тормозном резисторе, но и отдавать обратно на накопитель и снова использовать в тяговом режиме. В статье проанализированы наиболее распространенные способы электрического торможения, применяемые в системах электрического торможения тяговых электроприводов, которые находятся в эксплуатации на транспортных средствах. В качестве основного критерия при оценке способа электрического торможения выбраны его энергетические показатели. Рассмотрены результаты научных исследований предложенного нового способа электрического торможения, обеспечивающего лучшие энергетические показатели, и новые технические решения его реализации. В случае применения указанного способа электродвигатели постоянного тока работают генераторами последовательного  возбуждения. Ток в обмотках возбуждения регулируется с помощью преобразователя постоянного тока. Энергия в силовой цепи накапливается в накопителях и используется в тяговом режиме. При заполнении накопителей энергия в силовой цепи гасится  на тормозном резисторе, а  энергия с выхода  преобразователя постоянного тока используется  для  собственных нужд. При этом формируются тормозные характеристики, как у генераторов независимого возбуждения. Для повышения эффективности торможения в области низких скоростей необходимо плавно регулировать сопротивление тормозных резисторов путем шунтирования их транзисторными ключами.

 

The effectiveness of the electric braking system largely depends on how the braking is carried out, whether the braking characteristics that it forms are acceptable for a given vehicle, how simple and reliable the technical solutions embedded in the system are, and where the braking energy is used. With electric braking, it is possible not only to extinguish the electrical energy on the braking resistor, but also to send it back to the storage device and again use it in traction mode. This paper analyzes the most common methods of electric braking used in electric braking systems for traction electric drives that are in operation on vehicles. As the main criterion for evaluating the method of electric braking, its energy indicators are selected. The results of scientific research of the proposed new method of electric braking, which provides better energy performance and new technical solutions for its implementation, are considered. When implementing this method, DC motors are operated by sequential excitation generators. The current in the field windings is regulated by a DC-DC-converter. Energy in the power circuit is accumulated in storage devices and used in traction mode. When the storage devices are filled, the energy in the power circuit is extinguished by the braking resistor, and the energy from the output of the DC-DC-converter is used for own needs. In this case, braking characteristics are formed as in generators of independent excitation. To increase the braking efficiency at low speeds, it is necessary to smoothly regulate the resistance of the braking resistors by shunting them with transistor switches.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.