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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">НАУКА и ТЕХНИКА</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Science &amp; Technique</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-1031</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-0392</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Belarusian National Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21122/2227-1031-2019-18-5-369-379</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sat-2024</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАШИНОСТРОЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MECHANICAL ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Повышение свойств инструментальных сталей методом динамического легирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Improving Properties of Tool Steels by Method of Dynamic Alloying</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калиниченко</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinichenko</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор технических наук</p><p>Адрес для переписки: Калиниченко Александр Сергеевич – Белорусский национальный технический университет, просп. Независимости, 65, 220013, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь. Тел.: +375 29 190-64-90    akalinichenko@bntu.by</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Address for correspondence: Kalinichenko Alexander S. – Belarusian National Technical University, 65 Nezavisimosty Ave., 220013, Minsk, Republic of Belarus. Tel.: +375 29 190-64-90    akalinichenko@bntu.by</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akalinichenko@bntu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овчинников</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovchinnikov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат технических наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ушеренко</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usherenko</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор технических наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яздани-Черати</surname><given-names>Джавад Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yazdani-Cherati</surname><given-names>Javad F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский национальный технический университет</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian National Technical University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт порошковой металлургии»,  Обособленное хозрасчетное структурное подразделение «Научно-исследовательский институт импульсных процессов с опытным производством</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian National Technical University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский национальный технический университет</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Powder Metallurgy Institute, Separate self-supporting division “Research Institute of Pulse Processes with pilot production“</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>369</fpage><lpage>379</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Калиниченко А.С., Овчинников В.И., Ушеренко С.М., Яздани-Черати Д.Ф., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Калиниченко А.С., Овчинников В.И., Ушеренко С.М., Яздани-Черати Д.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kalinichenko A.S., Ovchinnikov V.I., Usherenko S.M., Yazdani-Cherati J.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sat.bntu.by/jour/article/view/2024">https://sat.bntu.by/jour/article/view/2024</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время достаточно широко изучаются вопросы влияния высокоскоростных потоков частиц на изменение структуры и свойств материалов. Эффект, который оказывают частицы, двигающиеся с очень высокой скоростью, может быть как негативный, например, в космических аппаратах, так и положительный – при динамической обработке инструментальных сталей. Поэтому была поставлена задача по изучению воздействия высокоскоростных потоков частиц на изменение структуры инструментальных сталей и повышение их эксплуатационных свойств. В работе использовался взрывной метод создания высокоскоростного потока частиц SiС + Ni и Al2O3. Образцы после динамического легирования подвергались диффузионному азотированию. Микроструктура образцов из сталей Х12М, P18, Р6М5К5 изучалась с помощью оптической и электронной металлографии. Испытывалась и износостойкость образцов на машине трения. В ходе исследований были получены теоретические и экспериментальные результаты по комплексному воздействию высокоскоростных потоков микрочастиц и азотирования на структуру и свойства инструментальных сталей. Установлено, что динамическое легирование частицами приводит к формированию специфической структуры композиционного материала, армированного каналами. Центральная волоконная (канальная) зона с остатками частиц порошка окружена областями с аморфным строением, которая сменяется зоной с нанокристаллической с фрагментированной ячеистой структурой. Затем наблюдается зона с микрокристаллической структурой, которая переходит в зону кристаллического строения, характерного для матричного материала конструкционной стали. Полученные данные могут расширить и дополнить некоторые представления о механизмах динамического нагружения твердых тел и конденсированных сред, пластической деформации, физической механики структурно-неоднородных сред на различных уровнях, ряде эффектов, возникающих при соударении и сверхглубоком проникании микрочастиц в металлы. Установлено, что износостойкость быстрорежущей стали, подвергнутой динамическому легированию в закаленном состоянии, увеличивается в 1,2 раза по сравнению с износостойкостью стали, легированной в состоянии отжига.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The influence of high-speed particle fluxes on changes in the structure and properties of materials has been widely studied currently. The effect exerted by particles moving at very high speeds can have both negative (in spacecrafts) and positive character (dynamic processing of tool steels). Therefore a task for studying an effect of high-speed particle flows on structure change in tool steels and improving their performance properties has been set in the paper. The study has used an explosive method for creation of a high-speed flow of SiC + Ni and Al2O3 particles. Samples after dynamic alloying have been subjected to diffusion nitriding. Microstructure of specimens made of X12M, R18, R6M5K5steel has been studied using optical and electron metallography. Wear resistance of the samples has been also tested on a friction machine. Theoretical and experimental results on a complex effect of high-speed microparticle flows and nitriding on a structure and properties of tool steels have been obtained during the research. It has been established that dynamic alloying by particles leads to formation of a specific structure in a composite material reinforced with channels. Central fiber (channel) zone with powder particles residues is surrounded by areas of amorphous state which is succeeded by a zone with a nanocrystalline fragmented cellular structure. Then we observe a zone with a microcrystalline structure that transits to a zone with crystalline structure which is characteristic for a matrix material of structural steel. The obtained data can expand and complement some ideas about mechanisms for dynamic loading of solids and condensed matter, plastic deformation, physical mechanics of structurally inhomogeneous media at different levels, a number of effects arising from collision and ultra-deep penetration of microparticles into metals. It has been shown that wear resistance of high-speed steel subjected to dynamic alloying in the quenched state is increased by 1.2 times in comparison with wear resistance of steel alloyed in the annealing state.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>динамическое легирование</kwd><kwd>микроструктура</kwd><kwd>азотирование</kwd><kwd>износостойкость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dynamic alloying</kwd><kwd>microstructure</kwd><kwd>nitriding</kwd><kwd>wear resistance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fletcher A. 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